Comparing Social Deprivation Between Of Mice And Men ...

Compare Social Deprivation between ‘Of Mice and Men’ and ‘Our Day Out’ ‘Of Mice and Men’, published in 1937, was written by John Steinbeck. This novella was issued during The Great Depression; due to the Wall Street Crash citizens of America lost all their life saving leaving them in an unfortunate position – no work, no money and shattered dreams. Prior to the Depression, people thought that the American dream was possible, but after the Wall Street Crash, individuals began to realise the dream was no longer conceivable. Steinbeck spent a vast majority of his time working with farmers which led him to writing this novella based on the political climate. His intentions were to make individuals around the world understand and realise how the people of America were badly affected because of the Wall Street Crash. Steinbeck set this story in California because this is where half a million male people came for work as they were in need of work. California was known as the Golden Land. ‘Our Day Out’, written in 1977, was written by Willy Russell. Originally it was written for a film broadcasted by BBC, and later on had been adapted into a musical. This play is about students from an inner-city school based in Liverpool. The main themes which Russell has decided to incorporate are: the lack of education, the lack of opportunity and deprivation in the inner-city of Liverpool. It is evident that in both ‘Our Day Out’ and ‘Of Mice and Men’, there is a main theme of deprivation. InShow MoreRelatedPsychology14463 Words   |  58 PagesBasic Human Needs 1 Running head: BASIC HUMAN NEEDS Basic Human Needs Thane S. Pittman and Kate R. Zeigler Colby College DRAFT Chapter to appear in Kruglanski, A., Higgins, E. (2006), Social Psychology: A handbook of basic principles, 2nd Edition. New York: Guilford Publications Thane S. Pittman and Kate R. Zeigler Department of Psychology 5550 Mayflower Hill Colby College Waterville, ME 04901 207-859-5557 tpittman@colby.edu Basic Human Needs Basic Human Needs It is vainRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory. I strongly recommend it to anyone seriously interested in the different intellectual traditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University CollegeRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesrecording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Thomson Higher Education 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA For more information about our products, contact us at: Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at http://www.thomsonrights.com. Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted

Personality Models Of Personality Psychologists - 1221 Words

Introduction Brand personality, which is defined as â€Å"set of human characteristics associated with a brand† (Aaker, 1997 p. 347), has been attracted a lot of interests due to its possible metaphor to investigate consumers’ brand perceptions. Meanwhile, it was found that the Big Five Model could successfully describe human personality by using five factors structure. Since the brands are usually described with adjectives as persons, a number of studies were trying to demonstrate that the five factors structure of personality could also fit on analysis of brand personality. The Big Five Model around personality psychologists has been already demonstrated as efficient tools for assessment and description of human personality. This model was†¦show more content†¦However, only three of these factors (Excitement-Extroversion, Competence-Conscientiousness, and Sincerity-Agreeableness) appear in both structures. The possible reasons of these differences between the structures of personality and brand personality are basically on two aspects. The first one may come from transferring the personality metaphor. To imagine the brands as human beings, the respondents need to get familiar with the as-evaluated brands as much as possible so that they could answer more dimensions of brand personality. Otherwise, the descriptions they made may be inaccurate and superficial. Moreover, the well-known brands may not be suitable for scale development because they are not necessarily used every day. Therefore a most frequently used brand should be employed in the survey. The other possible reason may due to different methods on factor analysis, which are between-brand, within-brand and brand Ãâ€" subject structure. The between-brand structure is based on the analysis of aggregated data from equally distributed across subjects. The within-brand structure analyzes the data from an individual level by using the same brand. The brand Ãâ€" subject structure treats the individual response of each brand separately. It has been reported that the brand Ãâ€" subject structure is more stable compared to the other two structures (Geuens, Weijters, De Wulf,Show MoreRelatedPersonality Theory And Personality Theories1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Personality can be defined in many ways due to the individual and unique aspects of personality, and there is yet to be a definitive answer for what personality is and how it comes into being. Generally personality can be defined as the relatively constant, individual and unique characteristics and traits which present themselves to others in different circumstances. Due to the many unknown factors of personality psychologists have suggested many ways in which personality is created,Read MoreThe Analysis of the Five Factor Model Essay examples1483 Words   |  6 PagesFive Factor Model In this essay, first the Five Factor Model (FFM) will be described. Secondly, psychologists for and against the model will be looked at. Following this, the stability of traits will be looked at, both longitudinal and cross situational. Finally, the application of the model within and outside psychology will be evaluated to show support that the FFM provides a solid foundation for an adequate personality psychology. â€Å"The Five Factor Model providesRead MoreDifferential Psychology : Cognitive Ability1723 Words   |  7 PagesThese domains include differences in behavior, personality, cognition, orientation and affect. Differential psychology focuses on these domains, by studying differences in our actions, emotions, intelligences, needs and activities. (Revelle, Wilt, Condon, 2011). This paper will review four domains of individual differences: cognitive ability, personality, orientation (values and interests) and affective disposition. It will also focus on personality, explaining major ideas, themes and theoristsRead MoreThe Theories Of Personality And Social Cognitive Theory1628 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality is defined as the characteristic ways in which a person thinks, feels and behaves. Personality makes a person who they are but it is not a distinct thing. Many theorists disagree about personality and the theories that lie within in it. The three main theories of personal ity are; the Trait Approach, the Humanistic Approach and the Social Cognitive Theory. The trait approach focuses on the differences and the interaction of different personality traits that create an individuals personality;Read MorePersonality Theory Is A Complex Process That Can Be Influenced By Many Factors1746 Words   |  7 Pages Personality theory is a complex process that can be influenced by many factors. There are a few factors by which psychologist seem to measure how people adjust and adapt their personality. These factors are nature versus nurture, the unconscious, view of self, development, motivation, and maturation. Each one of these factors has their own distinguishable elements that when factored with personality can have different effects on personality development. These factors will be discussed in differentRead MoreComparing Eysenck s Theory Of Personality And Costa And Mcrae s Five Factor Model1511 Words   |  7 Pages(1959) defines personality traits as being ‘any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another’. Subsequently, trait theory can be identified as an approach to the study of human personality. The aim of psychologists, specifically trait theorists, is to explain similarities and differences between individuals based on traits. Although numerous psychologists differ on the amount of traits that are significant, each theorist categorizes personality traits along severalRead MoreThe Individual Differences Approach to Personality: Personality is a term that has largely been1100 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Differences Approach to Personality: Personality is a term that has largely been considered an unproblematic concept and primarily refers to the varying kinds of characteristics of individuals. Despite this assumption, psychologists have constantly used the word in different ways. The varying views in the use of this concept or term are fueled by the fact that psychology usually makes generalizations regarding individuals. Generally, personality seeks to examine the many differencesRead More Five Factor Model of Costa and McCrae Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology, the Big Five personality traits are five broad dimensions of an individual’s personality. The personality traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The two psychologists who discovered this theory are Costa and McCrae. In this paper I will discuss the history of the five-factor model, each of the five different personality traits, and how this is significant in my own life and my behavior. In 1992, two psychologists by the name of CostaRead MoreFive Factor Theory1616 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology has been to establish a model that can conveniently describe human personality and disorders therein, with the intent to use this model in the remedying of personality disorders and improving general understanding of personality. Currently, a handful of models have risen to prominence, and have thus far stood the test of time. Some models are more generally accepted than others. Support for some models seems to come and go in cycles. One of the more prominent models in contemporary psychologyRead MoreHow Relevant Is Freud Today1559 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud was arguably one of the most influential psychologists in the investigation of personality, and his work can still, to some extent, be considered relevant today. His methods allowed for the first time the investigation of phenomena that were previously difficult to tackle, such as dreams and sexual desires. â€Å"Yes and No† is a justified reply to the question of whether Freud is relevant today in that his ideas on personality were the first to investigate the role of childhood trauma,

Cloud Computing and Its Components-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about Cloud Computing and Its Components. Answer: Introduction about Cloud Computing Cloud computing is an internet based computing service, which offer the collective information and other computer processing services. Cloud computing makes the organizations able to utilize the resources for computation, such as; application or storage, virtual machines and other utilities rather than developing the computing arrangements in house. This is the practice of processing a network or channel of remote servers, which are hosted on internet to keep, maintain and process that data and information, rather than a personal computer or a local server (Abramowicz, Tolksdorf Wecel, 2010). These services are like applications, which can be accessed using the servers all over the world and moreover it can be accessed anytime and from any device without the installation of that specific application to the personal computers. The major objective of cloud computing services is to offer rapidity in which the applications are organized, decrease the costs and enhance the technology and which in turn increase the liveliness of the business. Cloud computing services provide many benefits to the businesses. There are different services, like; SaaS, PaaS, IaaS etc, which have been proposed for cloud computing. There are some cloud service providers, which provide security like service on the basis of VM reflection that assures the best of both domains, i.e. effective protection and efficient centralization. As the customers can transfer the data or information and apps from one cloud to other cloud, a real solution needs teaching what the service providers to work with and what they make safe. Utilizing these services will eliminate the need of Information Technology manager to maintain the computing resources in an organization (Abs, 2013). It decreases the costs of the company because they have to pay only for the resources and services, which they use. Literature Review According to Shrivastava (2014), cloud computing is the general work, which is used to define a channel of network on the basis of computing. The architecture of cloud computing is made of various components, that consolidates server resources on an accessible platform for providing the computing services and resources on demand. It is the shared platform for providing configuration computing (Allen, Heurtebise Turnbull, 2010). It includes various components like; application, storage, network and server. All the components of this service connect with each other. Generally, these clouds are transparent to each other. Furthermore, Shrivastava (2014) stated that generally these clouds are visible to all the users and apps means there is no barrier or challenge in using the cloud services from both the sides of users (Shrivastava, 2014). According to Chaudhary and Mishra (2016), in the process of cloud computing, the client connects or links with the server to gather the data or required information. The above model shows the software systems, which includes the delivery of cloud computing. Generally, the system contains several clouds computing components, which interact with each other above loose linking mechanisms like; messaging queue. El-Gazzar (2014) stated that two of the major elements of this architecture are recognized as the back end and frond end. In these ends, front end is the area that is visible, i.e. users of computer. This includes the network channels of clients and the applications, which are utilized for running the cloud through a user interface, for instance web browser. The back end of cloud computing is a cloud itself, which include many computers, servers and storage devices. With this, there is one Cloud Service Provider that is generally written as CSP (EL-Gazzar, 2014). It is the one, who has many critical resources and knowledge and expertise in creating and maintaining the servers of distributed cloud storage, possesses and runs live system of cloud computing. Another component is computer user, who is willing to collect the data and information to be, collected the cloud and depends on the cloud for computing the data, include both organizations and individual customers. According to Gong (2010), the diagram indicates the different components of cloud computing, which help in developing the client server network model. In this diagram, the clients are the system device, which the end user communicate to maintain the data or information on the clouds. There may be three types of clients, like; mobile clients, thick clients and thin clients. Further datacenter is gathering of server, where the application to which one subscribes is housed, it can be a room that is full of servers which the one operate via internet. The cloud clients in the system work on different applications, like PaaS (Process-as-a-service), SaaS (Storage-as-a-service) and IaaS (Information-as-a-service). These are the applications, which work as models of cloud computing. These cloud computing models are used by the business for making the operations smoother. Platform-as-a-Service In the system of cloud computing, an application or program runs on the linked server or many servers rather than on the local computer like; tablet, personal computer, Smartphone etc. From all of these applications, Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is a platform, where the cloud software can be created, exercised and installed, that is the complete life cycle of that software can be accessed (Kaufman, 2009). This application is established is keen to the developers of applications, testers, managers and other administrators. This component of the cloud computing works as a complete platform, which includes all the activities, like; database development, application development, interface development, storage of data or other specific information, testing etc. These all are delivered to via a distant hosted platform to the users and subscribers. On the basis of time-sharing approach, new platform-as-a-Service providers offer the ability to develop the enterprise class applications for ut ilization locally and on demand for a small amount of subscription or it may be for free of cost. This is a significant and mostly accessed type of cloud computing, which provides the development environment to the business. Generally, this model includes development atmosphere, like testing tools, compliers, programing languages and techniques and mechanisms for development. There are some organizations, which use this type of cloud computing model, like; Google search Engine and Salesforce.com. This is the component of cloud computing, where the applications are being established and the database is being developed, stored, implemented and then finally tested (Gong, 2010). In current times, this component permits develop of enterprise-level applications simply and it is very cost effective. This is the cloud computing service that offers the users with the databases and application platforms as a service. This is equal to middleware in the non-cloud computing or traditional delivery of databases and application platforms. This cloud computing service delivers the databases and applications over the internet. In this model, the cloud service provider offers software and hardware tools, which are generally required for developing the applications and to the users as a service. This service provider hosts the software and hardware on the infrastructure (Chaudhary Mishra, 2016). Resulting from this, PaaS makes it free for the users to install the in-house software and hardware to create or operate a new application. This system does not replace the whole infrastructure of business. The organization depends on the PaaS service providers for some services, like; application hosting and Java development. For instance, installing a business tool may require IT experts to purchase and install the operating systems, hardware and actual application and define the access from user or security and then include the application to the current system management (Chaffey White, 2010). Future Trends In the IT sector, the growing trend is utilizing the visualization in cloud computing can be deployed allowing various instances of virtual server, which are to be utilized. In this way, one can have half dozen of servers operating on the physical server. The growth of mobile and smartphones can enhance the growth of cloud computing (Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, 2008). People can access the cloud based computing anytime, anywhere. With the growth in the cloud computing services, the businesses will allow a greater level of collaboration and communication across all sizes organizations. Other future trend in this are the social tools, like; blogging, can increase the collaboration to the cloud services. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that cloud computing services are very beneficial for the businesses. It will cut the costs and improve the competitiveness. Cloud services system allows the businesses to speedily meet fresh demands and produce new opportunities, without purchasing and installing the new hardware and upsetting about application rate. PaaS is one of the components of the cloud services, which is frequently used by the businesses. References Abramowicz, W. Tolksdorf, R. Wecel, K. (2010). Business Information Systems Workshops: BIS 2010 International Workshop Berlin, Germany, May 3-5, 2010, Revised Papers, Springer Science Business Media. Abs, (2013). Business Use of Information Technology. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Canberra Australian Bureau of Statistics. Allen, B., Heurtebise, A., Turnbull, J. (2010), Improving Information Access. Business Management US. Retrieved October 2, 2010 from https://www.busmanagement.com/article/Improving-information-access/ Bocij, P., Greasley, A. and Hickie, S. (2008).Business information systems: Technology, development and management. Pearson education. Chaudhary, J. Mishra, A. (2016). Literature Review: Cloud ComputingSecurity Issues and Data Encryption Schemes. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology. Chaffey, D. White, G. (2010).Business information management: improving performance using information systems. Pearson Education. Gong, C. (2010). The Characteristics of cloud computing. 39th international conference on parallel processing workshops. EL-Gazzar, R.F. (2014). A Literature Review on Cloud Computing Adoption Issues in Enterprises. Springer Publications. Kaufman, L.M. (2009). Data security in the world of cloud computing. 2009. IEEE Security and Privacy Journal, Vol. 7. Shrivastava, A. (2014). A Detailed Literature Review on Cloud Computing. Asian Journal of Technology Management Researc

Discuss in detail the Fugue from Bach Essay Example For Students

Discuss in detail the Fugue from Bach Essay To live is to suffer. 1 Spitta claims that this idea is persistent throughout the b minor fugue no. 24 from Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Book 1 and that it was Bachs purpose to produce a picture of human misery. 2 By looking at this fugue, particularly Bachs use of subject and counter-subject, this essay will aim to discover how justified Spittas opinions are. The direction Largo is Bachs own and comparing it to the other fugues in the Tovey edition, this fugue is unique in being given such a direction by the composer himself. 3 The emotion poured into its composition may have been why Bach felt a performance direction meaning slowly and stately was necessary. 4 The fugue is the longest in the book perhaps because it was the final piece in the book, possibly because b minor was, according to Spitta, Bachs favourite key, but more likely in order to convey suffering and misery effectively. 5 The subject shown in figure 1 contains all twelve notes of the chromatic scale and is described by Spitta as sighing, saddened and pain stricken. 6 Upon listening to it there is a general feeling of unease. The six pairs of quavers, slurring the interval of a minor second are described by Keller as a sigh-motive. 7 Each pair gives the listener a feel of resolution but followed by immediate continuation, building up tension in the subject alone and as a whole the subject depicts the feeling of misery to the listener. The subject and its tonal answer both enter in full a number of times. In order to increase tension further Bach uses small fragments of the subject, teasing the listener into thinking that the subject has returned but then cutting it short. This further enhances the idea of suffering and misery. Figure 2 shows this used on two separate occasions when only the first three notes of the subject are heard. These notes give a feeling of foreboding and sound sombre against the light, bouncy, sequential patterns of the first episode that precede and follow it. This device is also used in the only complete stretto passage of the piece shown in figure 3. 8 Bach uses the first 9 notes of the subject in the first 3 entries and then finally the subject in full. It begins in the soprano in b. 41 followed by the alto in b. 42 then bass in b. 43 and finally in b. 44 the full subject begins in the tenor. This stretto builds tension through its use of repetition. The counter-subject in this fugue is quite difficult to categorise. In his analysis, Iliffe categorises the counter-subject as beginning on the second note of b. 4 to the first not of b. 7. 9 As the fugue progresses, however, the counter-subject is broken up into various segments which are used in different voices, in varying orders and in inversion. Kellers analysis of the counter-subject is shown in figure 4 and is preferable as it breaks it down into a bridge (a), the counter-subject (b) and a continuation passage (c). 10 The counter-subject in particular is the chief cause of discords and Keller says it has relentless harshness further adding to the misery and suffering depicted in the piece. 11 Bachs manipulation of the counter-subject is another analogy to life. Things are not always as expected and Bach plays with convention. He uses motifs from the counter subject in the third voice shown in figure 5. Firstly the bridge section is sounded in inversion (a) and then Bach inverts the first three notes of the counter subject (b). The sequences between bars 17 21 are classed, by Iliffe, as the first episode, but form part of an extended exposition. .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .postImageUrl , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:hover , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:visited , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:active { border:0!important; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:active , .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7cb2cc845e95c9e146486b8e2ecf5d7c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chaucer Used Poetic Form EssayTypically the first episode of a fugue marks the start of the development but here, to prolong the suffering, Bach stays in the tonic and a redundant entry of the subject in b. 21 completes the exposition. 12 Splitting the counter-subject up and tricking the listener by extending the exposition means the fugue never sounds resolved until its end. This makes the fugue unique listening when compared to the others in the book. Although beautiful to listen to this unrelenting continuation is in a way suffering for the listener until the fugue ends. This can be likened to the way Bach viewed life as constant suffering. There are some wonderful but frustrating moments in the fugue where the listener expects a resolution but the fugue just continues. In figure 6 the exposition is coming to an end and as the first chord of b. 24 is sounded the listener can almost breathe a sigh of relief at the sound of a perfect cadence. Bach doesnt allow this to last long though as the second episode continues on the next semi-quaver and the exposition is complete, the listener barely having time to take in what has been heard previously in much the same way that life continues relentlessly. From the examples shown it is clear that Spittas opinions are valid. A uniquely chromatic subject with unusual minor second intervals creates the human misery. The use of three counter-subject motifs in different voices, inversions and orders mean the listener, as in life, never knows what to expect. The exposition and suffering is extended by including the first episode within it and following it with a redundant entry of the subject in the tonic. Being the only fugue which the composer added a tempo and expressive marking to Bach clearly felt strongly about its content and impact on the listener. The fugue being in his favourite key can only have helped Bach create such strong emotive qualities, really express misery through music and convey the idea that to live is to suffer. Bibliography: Bach, J. S. ed. Donald Francis Tovey, Forty Eight Preludes and Fugues Book I (London: The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1951) Iliffe, Frederick, Analysis of Bachs 48 Preludes Fugues Book 1 (London: Novell, n. d. ) Keller, Hermann, The Well Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach (London: Gorge, Allen Unwin, 1976) Spitta, Philipp, Johann Sebastian Bach Volume II (New York: Dover Publications, 1951) Taylor, Eric, The AB Guide To Music Theory (London: The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1989) Discography: Bach, J. S. The Well-Tempered Clavier Book I, Robert Levin (2000. Compact Disc. Hi nssler CD92116) 1 Philipp Spitta, Johann Sebastian Bach Volume II (New York: Dover Publications, 1951), p. 176. 2 Spitta, Bach, p. 176. 3 J S Bach ed. Donald Francis Tovey, Forty Eight Preludes and Fugues Book I (London: The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1951), p. 176. 4 Eric Taylor, The AB Guide To Music Theory (London: The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1989), Glossary p.xviii. 5 Spitta, Bach, p. 176. 6 Spitta, Bach, p. 176. 7 Hermann Keller, The Well Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach (London: Gorge, Allen Unwin, 1976), p. 126. 8 Frederick Iliffe, Analysis of Bachs 48 Preludes Fugues Book 1 (London: Novell, n. d. ), p. 82-3 9 Iliffe, Analysis, p. 82 10 Keller, Well-Tempered Clavier, p. 126-7 11 Bach ed. Tovey, Forty Eight Preludes Fugues, p. 176 and Keller, Well-Tempered Clavier, p. 126 12 Iliffe, Analysis, p. 82 History A: Assignment 1 Bach Fugue No. 24 Pete Town 20243270.

Corrosion And Rusting Essays (2147 words) - Corrosion, Iron, Rust

Corrosion and Rusting Introduction Some people may be annoyed by their car "wearing out". Kids may have trouble with rust forming on their bicycles. One may think how to prevent rusting, but do one knows what is happening when a metal corrode? "Corrosion is defined as the involuntary destruction of substances such as metals and mineral building material by surrounding media, which are usually liquid (i.e. corrosive agents)." Most metals corrode. During corrosion, they change into metallic ions. In some cases, the product of corrosion itself forms a protective coating. "For example, aluminium forms a thin protective oxide layer which is impervious to air and water. In other cases (e.g. iron), however, the coating either flakes off or is pervious to both air and water. So the whole piece of metal can corrode right through." The most common forms of metallic corrosion are caused by electrochemical reactions, wherein two metallic phases (e.g., iron oxide and iron) react in the presence of electrolytic solution. Another mechanism of metallic corrosion is caused by chemical reaction, which explains how the protective layer of the metal is formed. Rusting is the corrosion of iron which is the most widely used structural metal. Most of it is used in making steel. The wide range of products made from steel includes all types of vehicles, machinery, pipelines, bridges, and reinforcing rods and girders for construction purposes. Therefore, rusting causes enormous economic problem and is the reason why extensive measures of corrosion protection have had to be developed. The economic importance of corrosion and corrosion protection can be shown by the following example: "It is estimated that roughly 3% of the annual production of steel is lost by corrosion. In 1974, 140 millions tons of steel were produced in the United States at a cost of approximately $400 per tons. So this gives a monetary loss of about 1.7 billion dollars." It is clearly of the utmost importance to reduce as far as possible the financial loss by corrosion, which not only affects steel but to the extent all other building metal as well. It is obvious that corrosion and rusting affect significantly the life of the society, so it is worthy to investigate this topic. In this essay, the cause of the corrosion and rusting and consequently the protection of the corrosion will be explored. Electrochemical corrosion reactions This type of corrosion takes place when two metallic phases with different electrochemical potentials are connected to each other by means of an electric conductor. Electrolytes such as acids, alkalis, salt solutions, or even milder media (e.g., rainwater, river water, groundwater, or tap water) also need to be present. "Metallic phases with different electrochemical potentials exhibit electric potential differences. Potential differences may also arise because of impurities, internal stresses, corrosion products, damaged protective coatings, etc. They also occur when different metals are used. The larger the potential difference, the faster the rate of corrosion." The electrochemical EMF series (Table 1) gives the electrochemical potential of metals under normal conditions with respect to hydrogen (hydrogen is 0). The farther two metals in electrochemical series are apart, the larger the potential difference between them. A metal is said to be less noble than those which stand to its right in the electrochemical series. In the case of electrochemical corrosion it is always the less noble metal which is removed. Table 1. Electrochemical Potential Series, Volts. K Ca Mg Al Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag Au -2.92 -2.84 -2.38 -1.66 -0.76 -0.71 -0.44 -0.24 -0.14 -0.13 0.00 0.34 0.80 1.42 not noble -----------------------------------------------------------------> noble Likelihood of passing into solution decreases from left to right. The potential difference does not, however, always fully correspond with the corrosion phenomena experienced in practice. The reason is that oxide and other metal compounds have differing electrochemical potentials. Chemical corrosion reactions Metals have a tendency to combine with oxygen to form oxides and this is one of the chemical reactions. This tendency is the stronger the less noble the metal. The layers of oxide on the metal surface which are formed even in dry air may be insoluble and stable against an aqueous medium in contact with them. Therefore, if the oxide layers are dense and adhere well to the metal, they prevent further attack and act as a corrosion prevention layer.

20 Argumentative Essay Topics Hooking Facts on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser

20 Argumentative Essay Topics Hooking Facts on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser Coming up with topics for argumentative essays can be quite challenging for students, especially if you’ve decided to work on it a few days (or a few hours) before the deadline. If your next assignment is to write an argumentative essay on Eric Schlosser’s book, â€Å"Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal†, you can easily take on this challenge if you have the right topic in mind. To get your creativity going here are 20 topics you can use. Should Hospitals Ban Fast Food Outlets? Healthier Fast Food Choices and Awareness Will Improve Health Low Work Wages in the US Fast Food Industry Are Costing Taxpayers Is Fast Food Cheaper Than Home-Cooked Meals? The Hidden Costs of Obesity and Excessive Junk Food Consumption Is Fast Food as Addictive as Drugs? Should Governments Impose More Taxes on Junk Food? Junk Food Packaging Should Come with Health Warnings Famous Public Figures Should be Banned from Promoting Soda and Junk Foods As Bad as Smoking: Should There Be an Age Restriction On Eating Fast Food? The Link Between Fast Food and Child Obesity The Fast Food Industry Needs a Paradigm Shift Fast Food’s Effects on the Brain’s Pleasure Centers The Psychology of Fast Food Marketing How McDonald’s Utilized Disney’s Marketing Approach Eating Fast Food Can Make You Depressed Overcoming Fast Food Addiction: Time for Extreme Measures Do Healthy Options on Fast Food Menus Help? Causes of The Rapid Rise of Fast Food Restaurants Eliminating The Junk Out of Junk Food: Can We Turn the Fast Food Industry Around? The topics are an eclectic mix of direct claims and general themes that are directly related to the issues which Schlosser focuses on in his book. There is also a list of authoritative sources and materials at the end of which you can use to lend credence to your essay. However, if you are still at a loss for ideas, check out our list of 10 facts on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser for an argumentative essay and further inspiration. Also check out the detailed guide on how to write an argumentative essay on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser to properly write your own. These resources aside, refer to our sample essay below to get a better idea about how to properly structure an argumentative essay on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser. This example can be used as a template and as a guide about what kind of content you need to include to draft a clear and balanced piece of writing. Sample Argumentative Essay on Labor Practices in the Fast Food Industry The fast food industry has been held responsible for numerous problems affecting the American society. Advertising to children and providing high-carbs and low-nutritional value foods, however, are only some of the main concerns of people in this industry. The matter of labor practices has become one of the prominent issues and a subject for debate in the past ten years. There are three reasons why this has become a major issue. First off, the fast food industry has the tendency to overwork its employees. Secondly, the industry has been known to pay their workers the minimum wage. Finally, there are almost no benefits for the employees of this industry. All of these lead to poverty-stricken workers who are worked to the bone. In fact, in â€Å"Modern Slavery. US Fast-food Industry Thriving on Poverty-stricken Workers†, Finian Cunningham wrote that millions of fast food employees are â€Å"so exploited it is estimated that more than half of them can only make ends meet by relying on some form of government handout.† Cunningham also writes that many fast food employees finish their shifts only to return to homeless shelters since they cannot afford to purchase homes of their own or rent apartments for their families. Even then, they do not get the peace they deserve as they are too tired to carry out their daily routines. To drive this point, he gives the example of former Dunkin Donuts employer Maria Fernandez. The 32-year-old woman has been doing back-to-back shifts at multiple outlets in the greater New York area. Unfortunately, she was too tired after being overworked one day, that she slept in her car between shifts. She died that day from asphyxiation caused by the exhaust fumes of her car. With an estimate of 2.25 million Americans working in fast food restaurants in the U.S., labor practices need to be tackled head on to ensure the survival and effective growth of the â€Å"fast food nation†. Numerous authors, including Eric Schlosser, have revealed the harsh realities of the labor practices in this industry among other controversies. Schlosser also used the example of teenager Elisa, who was hired because members of her age group are considered easier to control due to their inexperience, making them cheaper to hire since they are willing to accept a lower pay. If teenagers were unwilling to work at a place, the fast food industry replaced them with poor immigrants and the elderly. Now there have been studies showing that employees enjoy working in this industry. A study by Michael Benner, an Iowa State University student, uncovered that high school employees at McDonald’s enjoy their work because of reasons such as easy money and the lack of other job opportunities without a degree in hand. Moreover, the fast food chain seems easier as it operates on an assembly line system, breaking down the tasks of the restaurant. Despite these so-called perks, do not justify the lower wages which prevent workers from leading a meaningful existence. You can definitely come up with a better essay if you put your mind to it. So, make sure to start working right away or else your deadline will engulf you. References: Campbell, D. (2015). Ban Fast-Food Outlets from Hospitals, MPs Demand. the Guardian. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from theguardian.com/society/2015/mar/25/ban-fast-food-outlets-nhs-hospitals-mps Eating Fast Food. (2016). org. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyEating/DiningOut/Eating-Fast-Food_UCM_301473_Article.jsp McVeigh, K. (2013). Low Fast-Food Wages Come at High Cost to US Taxpayers, says Report. the Guardian. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/15/fast-food-low-wages-high-cost-taxpayers Bittman, M. (2011). Is Junk Food Really Cheaper?. com. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from nytimes.com/2011/09/25/opinion/sunday/is-junk-food-really-cheaper.html Rehel, J. (2016). A Healthy Diet Costs $2,000 a Year More Than an Unhealthy One for Average Family of Jour: Harvard study. National Post. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from http://news.nationalpost.com/health/a-healthy-diet-costs-2000-a-year-more-than-an-unhealthy-one-for-average-family-of-four-harvard-study Benfield, F. Caid, Matthew D. Raimi, and Donald D. T. Chen. Once There Were Greenfields: How Urban Sprawl Is Undermining Americas Environment, Economy, and Social Fabric. Washington, D.C.: National Resources Defense Council, 1999. Emerson, Robert L. The New Economics of Fast Food.New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990. Card, D., Krueger, A. (2000). Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply. American Economic Review, 90(5), 1397-1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.5.1397 Garber, A., H. Lustig, R. (2011). Is Fast Food Addictive?. Current Drug Abuse Reviewse, 4(3), 146-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874473711104030146 Zhong, C-B. DeVoe, S.E. (2010). You Are How You Eat: Fast Food and Impatience. Psychological Science. DOI: 10.1177/0956797610366090

Commercial Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commercial Law - Essay Example Also, there was the complaint of distress that was caused on Epcot by Regus Ltd as they had to endure the unpleasantness associated with poor air conditioning. Regus was quick to react, and an exclusion clause that was presented by Regus claimed that Regus was not to be held responsible for any cases of losses that will be incurred while goods are in the custody of the same company. The clause further noted that losses of any kind; data, savings, profits, as well as, claims raised by third parties will not be incurred by Regus. As such, the clause mandated Epcot to ensure that goods are insured so that these losses will not be incurred by Regus. Under the UCTA Act of 1997, these claims were noted as void as Epcot argued for the exclusion clause noted by Regus to be struck out on the rationale that it did not pass the reasonableness test that is provided for in the Unfair Contract Terms (UCLA) Act.   The judge was guided by the fact that it was in Regus’ docket as per the con tractual agreement to provide proper air conditioning for Epcot. With this in mind, Regus was not in order to deprive Epcot of the payments that were to be extended for losses that were incurred. As such, it was not reasonable for Regus to claim for Epcot’s deprival to be remedied for all the losses. Regus was thus expected to be reasonable and cater partly for failure to be in a position to ensure protection from losses and distress that Epcot incurred. This clause was considered broad as it would mean that even stern breaches.... , these claims were noted as void as Epcot argued for the exclusion clause noted by Regus to be struck out on the rationale that it did not pass the reasonableness test that is provided for in the Unfair Contract Terms (UCLA) Act. The judge was guided by the fact that it was in Regus’ docket as per the contractual agreement to provide proper air conditioning for Epcot. With this in mind, Regus was not in order to deprive Epcot of the payments that were to be extended for losses that were incurred. As such, it was not reasonable for Regus to claim for Epcot’s deprival to be remedied for all the losses. Regus was thus expected to be reasonable and cater partly for failure to be in a position to ensure protection from losses and distress that Epcot incurred. The failure by Regus to provide proper air conditioning was questioned and Epcot was favored as the services as provided by the terms and conditions of the form contract were not met. An analysis of the exclusion claus e used by Regus would thus exclude the same company from any malicious or fraudulent cases that will result from their inability to provide satisfactory services. This clause was considered broad as it would mean that even stern breaches of the contract will not be remedied. The unreasonableness of the clause as provided for by the judge was challenged by the court of appeal. The court also challenged Epcot’s claim that Regus’ failure to provide proper air conditioning led to future loses that the company will incur. The appellate court noted that it would only be reasonable for Epcot to demand remedy for a decrease in the prices of the standards they expected from Regus. Liability remedy was earlier on not provided for by the exclusion clause according to the judge. However, this was not the

Documenting the Media revolution. Books, Version 2.0 Research Paper

Documenting the Media revolution. Books, Version 2.0 - Research Paper Example sers typically search e-books for discrete bits of information, a behaviour summed up by the formula "use rather than read."† (Staiger) History of e-books The earliest and most basic e-book format is the PDF (Portable Docment Format). It is a print-friendly format that shares a few common features with standard word-processing software. The layout is fixed and editing is not possible. It is easy to convert a Word file into PDF format by using the ‘print’ or ‘export’ commands. The next most famous format is the EPUB, which is widely compatible across many devices. Some of the hand features are ‘reflowable’ text, dynamic font size and style. Word files can be saved into EPUB formats. Likewise, programs such as â€Å"Adobe's InDesign, Apple's Pages, and OpenOffice, have EPUB as a "save-as" or "export" option.† (Brunsell and Horejsi 8) In recent years diverse array of e-book formats have risen. The major e-book formats as of today inclu de PDF, EPUB, MOBI, KF8, iBook, and others. Though some of these formats are tied into specific devices, they can be easily converted into one another using software programs like Calibre. For example, any of the above formats can be converted into the format compatible with the iPad with a conversion software. Most Android tablets have the capability to read formats used by Kindle, Nook, and Google Play Books. What’s more, these formats can also be read on computers running on conventional Windows or Mac operating systems. For instance, Adobe Digital Editions, which is free to download, allows PCs to read EPUB format. Apple’s own e-book reader iBooks â€Å"can display movies, interactive widgets, and movable 3-D objects. When the reading device is held vertically, iBooks has a traditional book appearance. Multimedia extras appear in the horizontal orientation.† (Brunsell and Horejsi 8) The two main advantages of e-books cited by library patrons were â€Å"sear chability and around-the-clock availability. The most frequently cited disadvantages were difficulty of navigation and loss of ability to perform customary research practices such as perusing and shelf-browsing because of e-books' lack of physicality.† (Abram 32) Describe the various devices, past and present, the e-books are read on The technology behind the design and creation of e-book devices is always undergoing change. Brands such as Nook and Kindle have established themselves as market leaders. Despite their impressive garnering of market share, the market is relatively nascent as the idea of e-book devices if gradually catching on. E-book devices are not competing against conventional PCs and laptops, for the e-books usually read through them are seldom read on computer screens. A prime example are novels and other fiction, which people show little inclination to read off a computer screen. Here, the e-book reading device fills an existing void in the reading preferenc es of users. Though at this point, it is difficult to predict how indispensible e-books and the devices would become, a few recent

Altered Hematology & Cardiovascular System Case Study

Altered Hematology & Cardiovascular System - Case Study Example Hypoxia of central nervous system causes faintness and headaches while myocardial hypoxia results in palpitations and increased heart rates (Kumar et al 2005). She has a history of chronic blood loss which is due to menorrhagia. Other causes of chronic blood loss include gastrointestinal bleeding, malignant diseases and urinary bleeding. Chronic blood loss anemia results from blood loss in small amounts, which occurs over a long period of time and it results in iron deficiency anemia because the iron stores of the body are depleted. Consequently, the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells is reduced and the patient presents with signs and symptoms of anemia. The clinical features of the chronic blood loss anemia are not severe until the hemoglobin levels of the blood are extremely low (Emmanuel et al 2001). The shortness of breath of the patient is explained by the decreased oxygen content of the blood cell which is exacerbated due to exertion (Kumar et al 2005). As mentione d in the case she presented with severity of symptoms while playing golf at a high course which induced exertion. Chronic blood loss is a very important and common cause of iron deficiency anemia which is caused when all iron stores are depleted due to external hemorrhage over a long period of time. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) presents with a peripheral blood film of microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells. The serum reserves of ferritin and hemosiderin are utilized in the initial stages of blood loss, however, when these stores have also been consumed, the symptoms of anemia manifest. Serum iron, ferritin and transferring levels are also reduced (Kumar et al 2005). Another... The paper tells that proper amount of rest and limitation of the daily activities to a certain extent will help the patient to control the signs and symptoms of CHF. The restriction of daily physical exertion will put less amount of workload on the heart and hence, improve the condition of the patient. The second step in managing the case is a proper diet plan. The patient should be advised to reduce the sodium content in his food items as this will reduce water retention in his body lowering the cardiac workload. The sodium content should be limited to 1.5 to 2g per day. Alcohol consumption should also be lowered down to only one drink per day which plays an important role in lowering the systolic blood pressure by 2-4 points. Chronic alcoholism is a very important cause of cardiomyopathy and if the patient shows a positive history of alcoholism he should be advised to consume a low to moderate amount of alcohol. Weight control and a dietary calorie limitation are recommended in the obese patients. They are advised to a body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9 and eat a healthy balanced diet comprising of green vegetables, fruits, and low-fat food items. Exercise including aerobic and strength training in CHF patients in an adequate amount also helps in improving the patient’s condition. The patient should be advised to exercise for 30 minutes five to six times a week and increase his physical activity. However, if he complains of angina pain, shows symptoms of respiratory distress, CNS symptoms or increased fatigue exercise should be stopped.

Comparing Globalisation In 19th And 20th Century

Comparing Globalisation In 19th And 20th Century Globalisation is a trend that has developed enabling people around the world to communicate with each other much more easily. This has opened up a global market place where companies engage in worldwide manufacturing, marketing and distribution of their products and services. Nayyar (2006) defines globalisation as a process associated with increasing openness, growing economic interdependence and deepening economic integration in the world economy. Nayyar (2006) goes on to say that economic openness is not simply confined to trade flows, investment flows and financial flows, it also extends to flows of services, technology, information and ideas across national boundaries. Globalisation is prehistoric; according to Nayyar (2006) globalisation is not new. Ideally the result of globalisation is the integration of societies and economies and toppling of national barriers. When this happens, the division of labor rises in an international scope and multilateral trade in goods and services elevates, as well as capital flows and cross border business investments. According to Nayyar (2006) the two period of globalisation, the nineteenth and twentieth centurys, are similar in four ways: the absence or the dismantling of barriers to international economic transactions; the development of enabling technologies; emerging forms of industrial organization; and political hegemony or dominance. There were almost no restrictions on economic transactions across borders as the four decades from 1870 to 1913 were the age of laissez faire.. This was followed by three decades of autarchy and conflict during which international economic transactions were progressively constrained by barriers and regulations. However, during the second half of the twentieth century globalisation followed the sequence of deregulation. Trade liberalization came first, which led to an unprecedented expansion of international trade between 1950 and 1970. The liberalization of regimes for foreign investment came next and there was a surge in international investment which began in the late 1960s. Financial liberalization came last, starting in the early 1980s. Both phases of globalisation coincided with a technological revolution in transport and communications which brought about an enormous reduction in the time needed, as also the cost incurred, in crossing geographical distances. The second half of the nineteenth century saw the advent of the steamship, the railway and the telegraph whilst the second half of the twentieth century witnessed the advent of jet aircraft, computers and satellites. Emerging forms of industrial organization, in both phases, played a role in making globalisation possible. In the late nineteenth century, it was the advent of mass production which was characterized by a rigid compartmentalization of functions and a high degree of mechanization. In the late twentieth century, the emerging flexible production system, shaped by the nature of the technical progress, the changing output mix and the organizational characteristics (based on Japanese management systems), forced firms constantly to choose between trade and investment in their drive to expand activities across borders. The politics of hegemony or dominance is conducive to the economics of globalisation. The first phase of globalisation from 1870 to 1913 coincided with what has been described as the age of empire, when Britain more or less ruled the world. The second phase of globalisation beginning in the early 1970s coincided with the political dominance of the US as the superpower. Nayaar (2006) also highlights important differences between both the phases of globalisation in respect of trade flows, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows, financial flows and labor flows. During the period from 1870 to 1913, a large proportion of international trade was constituted by inter-sectoral trade, where primary commodities were exchanged for manufactured goods. This trade was, to a significant extent, based on absolute advantage derived from natural resources or climatic conditions. During the period 1950-75, inter-industry trade in manufactures, based on differences in factor endowments, labour productivity or technological leads and lags, constituted an increasing proportion of international trade. Since 1970 intra-industry trade in manufactures, based on scale economies and product differentiation, constituted an increasing proportion of international trade. Further now about one-third of the international trade is estimated to be intra-firm trade, that is, trade between affiliates of the same company located in different countries. The composition of intra-firm trade has undergone a change, characterized by a steady decline in the importance of primary commodities and an increase in the importance of manufactured goods and intermediate goods. There is also a marked difference between the two phases in respect of the spatial and sectoral distribution of FDI. During the second phase, its distribution between the developed and developing countries was more uneven than in the first phase. However, the 1990s witnessed an increase in the share of developing countries in FDI inflows, although still behind the developing countries. A small number of countries absorb the lions share of the FDI flows to the developing world. In 1913, the primary sector accounted for more than half (55%) of the long term foreign investment, followed by trade and distribution (30%), and the share of the manufacturing sector was very low. (10%). In the early years of this decade, the service sector accounted for about two-thirds of the FDI inflows. In the early twentieth century foreign investment was only long term. Two thirds of it was portfolios, while one third of it was direct although portfolio investment has risen sharply in the 1990s. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, capital flows were a means of transferring investible resources to underdeveloped countries or newly industrializing countries with the most attractive growth opportunities. In the second phase, these capital flows were destined mostly for the industrialized countries which have high deficits and high interest rates to finance public consumption and transfer payments rather than productive investment. During the first phase of globalisation from 1870 to 1913, the object of financial flows was to find avenues for long-term investment in search of profit. During the second phase of globalisation since the early 1970s, financial flows are constituted mostly by short-term capital movements, sensitive to exchange rates and interest rates, in search of capital gains. The fundamental difference between two phases of globalisation is in the sphere of labor flows. In the late nineteenth century, there were no restrictions on the mobility of people across national boundaries. Passports were seldom needed. Immigrants were granted citizenship with ease. Between 1870 and 1914, international labor migration was enormous. The only significant evidence of labor mobility during the last quarter of the twentieth century is the temporary migration of workers to Europe, the Middle East and East Asia. The present phase of globalisation has also found substitutes for labor mobility in the form of the trade flows and investment flows. For one thing, industrialized countries now import manufactured goods that embody scarce labor The first phase of globalisation in the late nineteenth century was characterized by an integration of markets through an exchange of goods that was facilitated by the movement capital and labor across national boundaries. The second phase of globalisation is characterized by an integration of production with linkages that are wider and deeper, except for the near absence of migration. It is reflected not only in the movement of goods, services, capital, technology, information and ideas, but also in the organization of economic activities across national boundaries. This is associated with a more complex- part horizontal and part vertical-division of labor between the industrialized countries and a few developing countries in the world economy. References Nayyar, D. (2006) Globalisation, history and development: a tale of two centuries, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 30, No. 1: 137-159.

Impact of the Government’s Spending Review on the Construction Industry

Impact of the Government’s Spending Review on the Construction Industry The impact of the Governments Review on the construction industry has had different reactions. Edwards (2010)[7] points out that â€Å" £20 bn of capital spending will be cut between now and 2014/15†. The impact will be severe on government departments and local authority budgets. But further details published by the HM Treasury (2010)[3] indicate that the government intends to increase net capital spending by  £2.3 bn up to 2014/15, relative to the June 2010 Budget predictions. Currently the Government spends approximately  £50 bn on capital projects. It appears that the Government is focussing on those projects with the ‘highest economic value’. Education along with health and infrastructure are areas that the government has chosen to focus on (Anon, 2010)[8]. This article also quotes Graham Watts, Chief Executive of Construction Industry Council who states that â€Å"social housing is the worry, but investment in schools, carbon reduction and transport infrastructure plus the Green Investment Bank are positive†. The Spending Review of 2010, has reduced the funding for Social Housing from  £8.4 bn to  £4.4 bn (HM Treasury, 2010)[3] This will be a severe blow to those construction companies who specialised in having contracts with social housing customers, such as, local councils and housing associations, according to Light (2010)[9]. Keynesian Theory and the UK Economy The UK economy has endured six consecutive quarters of negative growth, resulting in one of the most prolonged recessions in modern times (2008/09). Since the beginning of 2010 the economy has shown some positive signs of recovery. Two schools of thought have emerged from this rece... ...ble to the Miller Group will therefore be further restricted. The Group does recognise this constraint and as a result the company â€Å"continues to focus on cash generation and cost controls† (Miller Group Interim Report)[13]. The cost control factors according to Keynesian Theory will mean the company is responding to its own difficulties and will start hoarding money to, like the consumer and this will further impact the circular flow of money in the economy. Summary This paper has provided an overview of the UK’s Spending Review of 2010 and its potential impact on the macroeconomic picture of the UK. Particular emphasis has been given to the relevance of the Spending Review on the construction industry and its impact on a construction company. Furthermore the paper attempts to relate some aspects of the Keynesian Theory to the current UK economic situation.

Life Is a Continuous Journey Essay

Life is a continuous journey. Some journeys are short and some long. Some journeys are sweet and pleasant while some are sour. Some journeys are too memorable to be erased by the sands of time. I had one such experience. The memory of this journey continues to flicker, on and on, in my mind even after several years. We reached on 9th Dec., as our train reservation was for the following day by North- East Express. We reached the station early in the morning, the next day and boarded the train. The train started off at 6.00 a.m. I sat by the window and enjoyed the passing scenery. The sights of numerous rivers, bridges, countryside, evergreen paddy fields, lush green tea gardens, vast plains, etc. enchanted me a lot. In the late afternoon we reached Rajshahi station, which is the gateway to khulna. Some of us got out of the train to have a look at the station. The hustle and bustle of people moving about, the coming and going of trains and the enticing sights of the various stalls of t he station attracted our attention and we too moved about the platform enjoying these sights. We didn’t realise how quickly the time had passed. Suddenly we saw our train moving. We were at the far end of the platform and ran with all speed and might to catch the train. I was the last to notice the movement of the train and so the last to run. I too ran after my friends to catch the train. But the train was moving fast. Within moments my friends managed to get in. As I was about to reach the train, I slipped and fell on the platform. I saw my train speeding away before my sight. I shivered with fear. My friends were shouting at the top of their voice asking me to run faster. Just then a coolie lifted me and ran with me to the door, where my friends pulled me in. I just looked back and waved my hands at the good Samaritan, who had helped me-1 got only a glimpse of his face. But that face continues to remain afresh in my mind. The incident deeply scared me and I dared not to move an inch from my seat thereafter. It took some time for me to recover from the shock. The wonderful sights of New Delhi and Agra failed to bring back my lost enthusiasm and interest. I don’t even remember what I saw and how the rest of the excursion ended. The incident at the N.J. P Railway Station was too great to be forgotten by a few passing bliss. I can never forget this memorable journey. The reminiscences of this journey often flicker in my mind every now and then. Whenever this happens, I say a short prayer for the kind and unknown Samaritan, who helped me on that fateful day to get into the train. It was, by far, the most unforgettable journey of my life- a journey that has left its deep scars on the canvas of my life.

Free Money Persuasive Speech Essays

Free Money Persuasive Speech Essays Free Money Persuasive Speech Essay Free Money Persuasive Speech Essay for example, you invested in a one year CD or certificate of deposit, starting in year four, you would have $1040 as an initial investment. Here is a spreadsheet I created showing what you would earn within 10 years at the current CD rate of 5. 15%. You will also see on this spreadsheet your savings if you saved $20 a week on your grocery bill. This would give you an initial investment of $1040 starting with year one. You would be adding 1040 each year in savings plus your interest each year. I found the current CD rates at bankrate. com. There are many investment opportunities that could increase your coupon savings if you chose to invest. This what can be done if you are serious about saving money by clipping coupons. Here are a couple of pages posted on forums. amily. com. You can see exactly how much they saved on their grocery bills per month and year. It is broken down in great detail. Here is a spreadsheet showing how much could be earned if these savings were invested in a CD or other investment. We are talking enough money for JR Sheila to buy a new car. So where do you find coupons? Two great sources are your newspaper and online. I clip coupons out of the Belleville News Democrat. My favorite is coupon bar. com. Here you will find various sources for coupons, and you can download it to your tool bar, so the latest coupons are only a click away. The book free Money Free Stuff includes coupon clipping as one of its strategies for obtaining free and low cost items. It also has other good information for saving money. Coupons can also be found online and in newspapers for entertainment, dining out, merchandise specific catalogs and stores. You can use a coupon organizer if you want or just put them in your wallet like I do. We all eat out, buy groceries, buy clothing, go to movies and other entertainment, so why not do these things for less. Would you throw money out the window? That’s what you do every time you miss an opportunity to use coupons. You are offering to pay more money for something than what you have to pay if you use coupons. Let’s review the value of clipping coupons. Coupons can save you money that can help you pay bills, make a purchase, save for your college education, save for your children’s college education or start a retirement fund. There is no out of pocket expense in order to reap these benefits, just a very small portion of your time. Let’s look at the flip side of the coin. If you don’t clip coupons, you won’t have extra money to help with expenses and purchases. You may have to take out a loan for purchases and expenses and incur interest expense as well. If you were diligent in your quest to save, you could be $75,000 richer in ten years. When you buy a lottery ticket your odds are 1 in several million that you will win. With coupons there are no odds, just solid savings. Coupons are free money for the taking. Take the time to clip coupons out of the newspaper or get them online. It only takes a few minutes of your time and saves you money that you can use for whatever however you choose. Capital One asks What’s in your wallet. I can tell you what won’t be in your wallet, if you don’t take advantage of coupons, money.

William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule

William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule Before we had calculators we had slide rules. The circular (1632) and rectangular (1620) slide rules were invented by an Episcopalian minister and mathematician William Oughtred. History of the Slide Rule A calculating tool, the invention of the slide rule was made possible by John Napiers invention of logarithms, and Edmund Gunters invention of logarithmic scales, which slide rules are based upon. Logarithms Logarithms made it possible to perform multiplications and divisions by addition and subtraction, according to The Museum of HP Calculators. Mathematicians had to look up two logs, add them together and then look for the number whose log was the sum. Edmund Gunter reduced the labor by drawing a number line in which the positions of numbers were proportional to their logs. William Oughtred simplified things further with the slide rule by taking the two Gunters lines and sliding them relative to each other thus eliminating the dividers. William Oughtred William Oughtred made the first slide rule by inscribing logarithms on wood or ivory. Before the invention of the pocket or handheld calculator, the slide rule was a popular tool for calculations. The use of slide rules continued until about 1974, after which electronic calculators became more popular. Later Slide Rules Several inventors improved upon William Oughtreds slide rule. 1677 - Henry Coggeshall invented a 2-foot folding slide rule for lumber measure, called the Coggeshall slide rule.1815 - Peter Mark Roget invented the log slide rule, which included a scale displaying the logarithm of the logarithm.1859 - French artillery lieutenant Amà ©dà ©e Mannheim invented an improved slide rule.1891 - Edwin Thacher introduced a cylindrical slide rule in the United States.The duplex rule was invented by William Cox in 1891.

Impact of Recession on the UK Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Impact of Recession on the UK Economy - Essay Example It was around that time when the government realized the seriousness of the issue. There are indications that things might be looking up, as we move along with the range of stimulus packages. The unemployment rate in the UK experienced a dip of 0.1 percent and it stood at 7.8 percent in January 2010. But this figure is still 1.6 percent higher than that of last year, which makes thinks worrisome for the government (HRM Guide, 2010). Official figures indicate that the average earnings in the UK have certainly bounced back in the recent past.1 Fig-1 indicates that there are indeed some recovery signals in the economy, as the earning potential of an average Briton is coming back to the comfort zone. What could be of some concern however is, the falling graph of earnings in the latter part of 2009. Monk (2009) also cites the October 2009 figures from the Office for National Statistics to highlight the higher number of borrowings in the UK. The figure stood at 11.4bn in October, far higher than the forecast figure of 7.1bn. The consistent increase of net debt as a percentage of the GDP over the last couple of years has made UK economy more of a debt economy. OCED has also issued warnings to the effect that the UK needs to put in place its fiscal measures to unburden itself from the pile of debt. It was predicted by some analysts in 2008 when the initial signals of the recession started emerging that during the coming two years UK economy would be experiencing its weakest patch of the last 15 years (BBC, 2008). Well, if trace the journey of the recession, these concerns seem to have come true. Taking a historical perspective UK had a population of 38 million with GDP of just under 125 billion at constant 1995 market prices. By the end of the century, the population stood at 59 million with an increase of more than 50 percent while the GDP stood at 800 billion, registering a fivefold increase (Lindsay, 2003). The benefits of globalization seem to have percolated down to all sections of the society in good measure.

Essay about martin luther the priest Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

About martin luther the priest - Essay Example He translated Bible into the language of the people so that they could understand the Holy Book. He was also a noteworthy hymn writer as his hymns brought together different pieces of art and music with different age segments of the society. His theology basically challenged the manner in which the authority of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church was raised (Rose 2002). He suggested that Bible was the only source of knowledge that comes under the aegis of divinely revealed ones. In the later stage of his life, Martin Luther became strongly Antisemitic whereby he wrote that Jewish homes should be dismantled their synagogues be burnt, money usurped and liberty ended. For these revelations and public statements, Martin Luther was hailed as a very controversial figure among a number of historians and religious scholars. Martin Luther suffered from a number of diseases and eventually died in 1546. Rose, Paul Lawrence. Revolutionary Antisemitism in Germany from Kant to Wagner. Princeton University Press, 1990. Cited in Berger, Ronald. Fathoming the Holocaust: A Social Problems Approach. New York: Aldine De Gruyter,

Geography Discuss how the writings of Henri Lefebvre have influenced Essay

Geography Discuss how the writings of Henri Lefebvre have influenced geographers understaning of the modern city which has been persistently shped by the spaces - Essay Example y of Consciousness (1925), Morceaux choises de Karl Marx (1934), Morceaux choises de Hegel (1938), L’Existentialisme (1946), Knowledge and Social Criticism, Philosophic Thought in France and the USA (1950), Introduction to Modernity: Twelve Preludes (1962), Dialectical Materialism (1968), Evolution or Revolution (1974), Toward a Leftist Cultural Politics: Remarks Occasioned by the Centenary of Marx’s Death (1988), The Critique of Everyday Life (1991) and Writings on Cities published posthumously in 1996. It was through the translation and wide distribution of Dialectical Materialism that he became known worldwide as the father of the dialectic yet has also been hailed as the pioneer of critiques of the city and the ‘spatial turn’ in theory. Following World War II, Lefebvre was greatly impacted by the depression of the people around him who felt alienated from the new forms of work in the newly industrialized nation as well as by the new bureaucratic institutions of civil society. His writings exploring the ideas of Marx and Hegel were burned by the Vichy Regime during World War II and he was persecuted as a Communist sympathizer following the war. It wasn’t until the 1960s that he finally found a position as a professor at a school called Nanterre back in Paris where he was able to continue his work into the study of the cities. â€Å"Nanterre provided an environment in which he developed his critique of the alienation of modern city life which was obscured by the mystifications of the consumerism and the mythification of Paris by the heritage and tourism industries.   These critiques of the city were the basis for Lefebvres investigation of the cultural construction of stereotypical notions of cities, of nat ure and of regions† (Shields, 2002). Within his writings, Lefebvre brought attention to the tendency of academia to place too much emphasis upon the classification of studies as being psychology, sociology, archeology or geography among others,

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Essay Have you ever thought of running away for your own freedom? In Mark Twain’s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, the river isn’t mean for transportation anymore, the river means the whole lots for Huck and Jim, because it is a way for them to have freedom. The river also influenced in Mark Twain’s writing this book, through his childhood, he spent the most living in the river. River ends up symbolizing freedom for those from captivity to freedom in the state of Ohio. The restrictive society makes Jim and Huck run away for freedom, Jim wanted to get away from slavery, and Huck had to faked his death to get away from his father, so the river is the only route they can take if they want to be free in both in that present moment and their respective future. To Huck, the river represents a life beyond the rule of society, and that’s a life he could get used to. Racism had played a big role during the time period the book took place. If you were white you were a free man. If you were an African American you were doing hard labor. A quote from the book describes the color aspect and the whole African American versus white issue of freedom. ‘’Why, they said he couldn’t be sold till he had been in the state six months, and he hadn’t been there that long yet† (Twain, p. 27). So, most of the time in the book, Jim had to hid himself from the outside world, because he was still enslaved. For the conclusion i picked a quote by Eleanor Roosevelt, the quote related to Huck’s adventures. â€Å"With Great Freedom Comes With Great Responsibility. ’’ While on their way to freedom, Jim and Huck been through all kinds of dangerous situations. Huck’s survival knowledge was really important during his adventure, He is an intelligent guy, he used his survival knowledge to hide himself and Jim. Most of his ideas come from Tom Sawyer, Widow, and his father. As the adventures goes on, Huck learns that freedom comes with great responsibility, the responsibility to decide for yourself how to be a good, moral person.

Port-a-Blast :: Personal Narrative Writing

Port-a-Blast I had been waiting in the cold, empty interrogation room for hours anticipating the dreaded arrival of the detective. It had to be one of the longest nights of my life waiting in anticipation to find out the consequences I was about to face. I had numerous thoughts running through my mind about how I was going to get out of this predicament. I was the last of four, Kevin, Chris, Brian, and I, to be interviewed. To my relief, I did not have to talk my way out of the crime I had committed, which seemed to have occurred days earlier. It was about ten o’clock on a brisk and lonely night in November of 2001 when we parked my car about 800 meters away from our target, the notorious port-a-potty, which was located on the west side of the park. My car was the only car in the parking lot, which turned out to be our biggest mistake of the night. We sat in the car for about ten minutes with thoughts racing through our heads of the getaway route we were going to take. We talked about what we would do if we got split up on the run back and where we would meet. We also made sure we emptied our pockets of cell phones, wallets, and anything else that we might drop, which could connect us to the scene. The walk through the park to the port-a-potty seemed to be one of the longest walks of my life. The anticipation and excitement was like that of a kid opening presents on Christmas Eve. We were not exactly sure what was going to happen when we would place the sparkler bomb in the port-a-potty, but we had a good idea and could not wait to find out. When we finally reached the port-a-potty, we were constantly on the lookout for passers-by. We ended up waiting about thirty minutes for the coast to clear. We did not want to take any chances, because we knew of the considerable distance we had to run. Kevin would be the one to light the sparkler bomb, while Chris, Brian, and I were on the lookout. We made sure we had our running shoes tied up tight one last time. As Kevin stepped into the port-a-potty, we waited about ten feet behind in a row of trees impatiently anticipating the lighting of the sparkler bomb.

Minimum Wage in the United States Essay

A minimum wage is the lowest hourly, daily, or monthly wage that employers may legally pay to employees or workers. The debate over minimum wage in the United States has been ongoing for over 100 years. It is a hot topic in labor, human interest, and especially in economics. Is the minimum wage too low? Is it too high? Should we have one at all? Does having a minimum legal wage help those who it is intended to help, or does it actually make them worse off? Theses questions are asked on a daily basis by interested parties. While there may not be one definitive correct answer, there are compelling arguments on both sides of the issue, and those who represent their â€Å"side† are passionate about their opinions. This is one of a few social topics about which people are generally not indifferent. Much of the adult workforce in the United States has worked a minimum wage job at some point in their career, so we can easily relate to the challenges that face today’s minimum wage workers. This paper is not intended to solve the debate over minimum wage, nor will it attempt to persuade the reader in one direction or the other regarding what should be done concerning minimum wage. The pages that follow will present a brief history of the minimum wage debate in the United States, and then present some of the arguments offered by both sides of the debate. A Brief History of Minimum Wage Although New Zealand was the first country to formally enact minimum wage legislation in 1896,[i] the United States was one of the first major industrialized nations to set a national wage floor for their workers. For decades during the industrial revolution, workers in the United States endured work environments that consisted of long hours, dangerous working conditions, and low wages. Small movements to develop a national minimum wage by labor unions and activist groups were met with predictable resistance from business people, and ultimately struck down by the U. S. Supreme Court. [ii] Finally, in 1938 President Roosevelt and Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. This act was intended to alleviate some of the poor working conditions that mostly women and young children were subject to. Additionally, this act imposed a federally mandated minimum wage of $0. 25 per hour, with some exceptions. [iii] There have been subsequent pieces of legislation that continue to address and improve workers’ rights since that time, focusing more on quality of life issues rather than eliminating abuses by employers. Additionally, individual states now have the right to enact their own minimum wage, so long as it is no lower than the federally mandated minimum wage. Since 1938, the national minimum wage has been raised 21 times, most recently in 2009, and is currently $7. 25 per hour. Today, more than 90% of countries in the world have some sort of wage floor for their work force. [iv] The Case for Minimum Wage Those in favor of a minimum wage argue that it increases the standard of living of workers and reduces poverty. [v] Those workers that are paid minimum wage are unskilled laborers, perhaps first entering the job market. Without any marketable skills, the worker needs some protection that they will be paid a fair rate that will enable them to be self-sufficient until such time that they have learned a skill or trade that will allow them to work their way up from the low wage jobs. Without a minimum wage, employers would have significantly more market power than the workers – a monopsony – and that could result in the intentional collusion between employers regarding the wage they will offer. [vi] Absent this protection, workers would be forced to accept the artificially low wages, resulting in a very low quality of life. Additionally, the argument can be made that paying a â€Å"livable† minimum wage incentivizes workers to not only get a job, but to work hard to keep that job. When minimum wages are significantly greater than payments received through a social welfare system, people are rewarded for their hard work. If a person could receive an amount close to what they would earn at minimum wage through the welfare system, what motivation would they have to work the minimum wage job? In contrast, if workers are paid an amount that is considerably more, they will find and keep work. This serves another purpose, to decrease the cost of government administered social welfare programs by getting people off of welfare and onto payrolls. Another common argument made by those in favor of the minimum wage is that it actually helps to stimulate spending, improving overall economic conditions. [vii] The theory behind this argument is that low wage earners typically spend everything they make. Whether on necessities or luxury items, minimum wage earners are likely to spend their entire paycheck. If there were an increase in the minimum wage, the people who would receive the pay increase would turn around and spend their new money. This would help to cover the costs of the increased wages as many businesses would see an almost immediate return through increased sales. While this argument seems to make sense, it must be clarified that no empirical evidence to support this claim could be found. Another argument made is that an increase in minimum wage helps to improve the work ethic of those who receive the increase. The implication is that if their employer is forced to give them a raise, they will be compelled to work harder to improve their efficiency and increase their productivity in return. Again, there is no evidence to either support or refute this claim, and opinions run strong regarding this argument. Perhaps the most basic and most often made argument in support of a national minimum wage law is that it is simply the correct thing to do, morally speaking. The idea that we should want to take care of each other and make sure that everyone made a comfortable wage is one of the most basic tenets of the philosophy of those who support it. Arguments against Minimum Wage Laws: On the other side of the argument are those who are opposed to increasing the minimum wage, as well as some who think it should be abolished altogether. Many businesspeople and economists are on this side of the debate, and they present some pretty compelling arguments. They argue that imposing an increase on the federally mandated minimum wage actually will do more economic harm than good. [viii] The main argument deals with the elasticity of demand regarding employment. A minimum wage increase actually reduces the quantity demanded of workers, either through a reduction in the number of hours worked by individuals, or through a reduction in the number of jobs. ix] Simply put, employers are likely not going to increase their salary budget, so if the hourly wages increase, then they must reduce the number of hours of work that they are paying for. This could result in the exact opposite impact of that which is intended. Those earning the minimum wage and are facing reduced hours or even being let go will find themselves much worse off as a result of an increase than leaving it at its current rate. Additionally, often the way out of e arning minimum wage is through skills learned through those minimum wage jobs. If there are fewer of these jobs as a result of the wage being higher, fewer people will be able to learn the skills needed to move up on a career path and break the cycle of poverty. Secondly, if employers are unwilling or unable to reduce the number of hours they pay their employees, they will simply attempt to make up the increased salary expense through increased prices. On a small scale, this may not have a large impact on the overall economy. When this is done on a large scale because many employers need to cover their increased costs, this is likely to lead to inflation. x] Higher salaries necessitate higher prices which will erode most if not all of the benefits of the increase in pay. The minimum wage workers will have the same buying power as before, but because of unnecessary inflation, the lower middle class will actually face the biggest impact because their wages will not have increased but their purchasing power will also have eroded. Another area that may be impacted by a mandated wage increase is training. As most workers who earn the minimum wage typically have little education and training, their biggest chance to work their way into a higher paying job is through on the job training. One part of an employer’s budget that could face cuts would be for providing training to employees. Often employers provide training to their employees that would help them advance in their career, but may not be completely necessary in their current position. Unnecessary expenses such as this will most likely be trimmed, resulting in fewer opportunities for the working poor. [xi] Perhaps the simplest argument is if a minimum wage worker is producing $4. 00 per hour worth of product, and then the federal minimum wage is raised to $5. 0, the employer must find a way to increase the workers marginal productivity or face operating loses due to underproductive employees. One final thought from opponents is that once all of the aforementioned arguments are considered, there are more effective ways of helping address the issue of poverty. The Earned Income Tax Credit is pointed to as a strong example of one of the more effective ideas, rather than putting the burden of poverty on em ployers, it is shifted to the government. [xii] Empirical Data: When considering both sides of this debate, it is important to realize who are the workers earning minimum wage, and what role they have in providing for their families. Of the 1. 9 million workers in the United States who were paid the minimum wage in 2005 (most recent information available), more than one half (53%) are between the ages of 16-24. These workers are most likely high school and college students, and most of them do not work a full time schedule. Two thirds are members of families who have a combined income of at least 2 or more times the official poverty level based on their family size. Less than 17 percent are the only wage earners in their families, and less than 6 percent are poor single mothers. [xiii] What does this information tell us? The most important thing is that an increase in the minimum wage would target a majority of people who may not be living in poverty and are otherwise not in need of direct assistance. The far-reaching effects of raising minimum wages across the board in order to get help to the approximately 22 percent of earners who are truly living in poverty seems to be at the least ineffective, and at worst it could epresent a terrible misstep in economic policy. It is difficult if not impossible to identify the jobs lost because of minimum wage, but it is very easy to identify the additional income for a minimum wage worker. This is often the first retort from minimum wage advocates in response to arguments made by the other side. Alison Wellington’s research found that a 10% increase in the minimum wage resulted in a 0. 6% decrease in teenage employment, with no effect on unemployment rates. [xiv] A study along the same lines by David Neumark and William Washer in 2008 found contrasting results. They concluded that minimum wage resulted in a reduction in employment opportunities for low skilled workers, it was most harmful to poverty-stricken families, and that it lowers the adult wages of young workers by reducing their ultimate level of education. [xv] There are countless studies on both sides of the issue, and each one only solidifies each side in their existing opinion. No matter what position one takes regarding the minimum wage debate, there are a multitude of studies available to support it. The seemingly obvious fact is that these small increases that are enacted every few years are never enough to truly make a difference in bringing a person or a family out of poverty. A fifty cent increase in the minimum wage results in about $20 more per week for a full time worker. In my estimation, it is quite unlikely that small amount is making the difference in a person or a family living in poverty and living comfortably. A study of PhD members of the American Economic Association found that 46. % of respondents wanted minimum wage completely eliminated while 37. 7% want the minimum wage increased. [xvi] Such division among even the most expert economists shows exactly how contentious this issue is, and that there is no black and white, right or wrong answer to solve the debate. Perhaps as time goes on and there is more historical data to review, there may be a more definitive answer regarding this debate. Until such time, both sides will most likely remain entrenched in their current position.

Last Day In High School Essay

Respected Teachers, Seniors and my dear Friends. A warm and hearty welcome to all of you present here! Its a day that comes in a year but brings innumerable emotions along with it. I think all of you would be a little sad, for you will be leaving behind people that shaped your life and a place that is as much a part of your identity as the name you bear .Every beginning has an end. And every end is a new beginning. It’s a relentless cycle seen in every aspect of our lives. A year starts; a year ends, only to give birth to another. As much as I anticipate the start of a new season, I know that fate says it will cease. Most of our life is a series of images. They pass us by like towns on the highway. But sometimes, a moment stuns us as it happens. And we know that this instant is more than a fleeting image. We know that this moment†¦ every part of it†¦ will live on forever .The important thing is not to be bitter over life’s disappointments. Learn to let go of t he past, and recognize that every day won’t be sunny. And when you find yourself lost in the darkness of despair remember, it’s only in the black of night that you see the stars, and those stars lead you back home.â€Å"So don’t be afraid to make mistakes, to stumble and fall, because most of the time the greatest rewards come from doing the things that scare you the most. Maybe you’ll get everything you wish for. Maybe you’ll get more than you ever could have imagined. Who knows where life will take you. The road is long and in the end, the journey is the destination. At this watershed moment of the lives of my friends of class 10th, I am reminded the great words by Rabindranath Tagore, ‘where the mind is without fear’. I wish for you a mental cosmos where you are confident individuals, not scared to do the most uphill tasks. Where you are not cosseted in the four walls of fear, and break the shackles and become real performers, real doers. As we stand here on this beautiful day, my friends we wish for you an attitude of a real performer, one who does not look back but dives into turbulent waters with a crazy stubbornness to swim through and survive the fiercest storms. I wish for you a divine belief, a never-give up attitude and a little piece of arrogance that tells the achievers out there in the world with a loud thud, ‘if you can, why can’t I?’ You are now at a crossroads where you need to take decisions independently. You need fortitude to face the future which often looks bleak and blank. Remember, the future is an extension of today. If life is good today, tomorrow will take care of itself.Those of you who want to outshine others must learn the secret of enthusiasm. The moment you discover this secret, success cannot elude you. Enthusiasm provides a person with a powerful driving force.develop faith in yourself and enthusiasm will bubble up in you. Lastly, I would like to add, â€Å"Make a rule in life never to regret and never look back†. Regret is appalling waste of energy. Indeed, life is what we make it. It is said that â€Å"the best people are moulded out of faults, and for the most, become much more the better for being a little bad.† Each mistake can become a prime opportunity for self improvement. May your journey be that of valor and we do not want to say good bye because tomorrow when we stand there to become a part of your world, we would look for those familiar faces, who would draw their hands out and share their experiences with us.

Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Example

Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Example Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Essay Conflicts in Organizations and Impact on Organizational Culture Abstract The common issues facing contemporary business firms are conflicts and disputes between workers and the organizations management. Verizon Company is one of the latest US companies to experience prolonged workers strike. Administration and leadership of Verizon have the greatest role in the recurrence of the issues as a result of the ineffective conflict resolution approach employed. The case study of Verizon serves as an example that many organizations have cultures where conflicts can productively thrive due to workers and management teams working against one another. Verizon conflicts impact on the firms culture concerning the future generation of employees who will use the companys history of addressing workers issues in forecasting the outcome of grievances that they will forward to the management. Consequently, the culture increases turnover rates, job dissatisfaction and inefficiency leading to stunted organizational growth. Organizational conflict Introduction Conflicts and disputes between employees and management, regulatory agencies, labor unions and management, co-workers and between management teams are inevitable in the contemporary working environments. At present, the common form of organizational conflict is labor conflict that occurs as a result of the growing number of unions representing the interest of the workers (Rahim, 2013). Some of the aspects that reflect the severity of conflicts in an organization include workers strikes which affect not only the growth and profitability of an organization but also have negative repercussions to organizational leadership and culture. Strikes are negotiations tools for most of the US labor unions. In the US history, work conflicts and workers strikes in different employment fields have been for the purpose of advocating for enhanced working conditions, increased benefits, and better contracts, increasing flexible working hours, and pay increment.; ; One of the profound strikes in the US history is the labor conflict in Verizon Company involving approximately 39, 000 on April 2016 making it the latest severe disputes in the US labor industry (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The conflict between the workers and Verizon management is attributable to the lack of better contracts, and the organizations attempt to reduce laborers benefits, and limit pensions. Another factor responsible for the heated conflicts is Verizons act of trying to outsource some of its operations to the Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Mexico (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The research paper explores the impacts of workplace disputes and conflicts on organizational culture and leadership concerning the recent Verizon Company labor conflict. Interorganizational conflict Problem Statement In the contemporary working environments, there is anecdotal evidence showing that many business organizations possess unique conflict cultures in that most of the workers strikes at present shows socially mutual norms of triggering and managing conflicts. The research problem determining whether conflicts affect organization culture considering that there is no direct link demonstrating that organizations leadership at different levels have normative and socially shared conflicts management culture. Ghorbani and Razavi (2011) suggest that many organizations have cultures where conflicts can productively thrive due to workers and management working against one another. Furthermore, there is no confirmatory link between leadership styles and disputes despite the fact that application of unsustainable direction and administration techniques leads to toxic workplaces. It is evident in the case of Verizon Companys recent labor conflict impact on organizational culture, leadership, and ma nagement reputations. It thus follows from the case study that managing disputes, misunderstandings, and conflicts is the primary management proficiency that most of the companies lack since such issues invoke conflict resolution and management skills if an organization must acquire positive culture.; Analysis of Verizon Labor Conflict Verizons 2016 strike is not the first one to occur in the company as the recent is an extension of the similar strike in 2011 for the same reasons. The failure to address the issues for the five-year period reveal Verizons reluctance in dealing with the issues facing its workers despite the growing trend in profit generation for the past four years where Verizon record $249 million profit between 2010 and 2014 (Democracy Now Organization, 2016). The management behavior of denying workers fair pay and better contracts are unjustified in the dimension of CSR and labor rights. In CSR perspectives, it is unfair for Verizon to reduce its workforce despite having knowledge about the companys sustainability to the nearby community. It is against the CSR principles to outsource work to overseas workers and contractors and to reduce menu of community amenities and services. Secondly, in leadership perspectives, it is apparent that the Verizons management are reluctant to address the issues de spite the fact the estimated impact is a loss of $ 200 million. Furthermore, the case of Verizon dispute between management and workers shows poor leadership skills, poor organizational behavior, and poor conflicts management skills. A justification of the negative attributes of the organization in the advent of the strike is management greediness to make huge profits at the expense of unsatisfied workforce (Proksch, 2016). Poor leadership and dispute management in the organization are from its retaliatory negotiation stand that the company will accept the laborers demand in exchange for job security exclusion, increased health-care costs, cuts in injury and accident benefits, and reduced retirement security funds. Role of Leadership in Verizon Labor Conflict The occurrence of the 2016 workers strike is due to the unresolved issues after the 2011 labor conflict between the organization and employees representative unions, IBEW and CWA. Verizons has a prevalent autocratic style of leadership because of the making decisions without the consideration of laborers feedback, and grievances. Authoritarian managers in Verizon Company have the attribute deprived skills in people management as they are equivalent to the leaders who have negative attitudes towards workers management concentrating only on profit making with less emphasis on workers welfare. Poor leadership in the organization is evident in the lack of effective conflict resolution initiatives which was a remedy to the recurring strikes in the company (Coleman ; Vallacher, 2011). One of the characteristics of weak leaders is their inability to consider feedbacks and viewpoints of the junior management and employees. The second feature of poor managers is the failure to exercise adequ ate response to suggestions and complaints. Therefore, poor leadership according to Proksch (2016) is one of the actors behind the occurrence of the dispute as workers strike reflects the ineffective dispute management in the company as the negotiation procedure deal with the enticement of labor union officials to loosen their stance on the issue. ;For instance, Verizon management during the 2011 dispute should have been a learning experience for enacting sustainable negotiation terms, but the management instead puts aside capital for training 15, 000 workers to acquire knowledge and skills for replacing the then looming strike and work stoppage.; As a form of intimidation during the negotiation time, there was an application of surveillance apps on the union officials taking part in the negotiations. In a nutshell, leadership-challenged management of Verizon Company does not have conflicts management aptitudes for mediation and resolution of workplace disputes.; Impacts of the Conflicts on Organizational Culture ;The type of dispute and conflict resolution style that an organization applies impact on organizational culture. The organization culture in conflict management perspective defines the conflict management culture that is applicable for future resolution of similar issues. The ranges of conflict culture that conflicts invoke include avoidant, collaborative and dominating conflict cultures (Gelfand ; Leslie, 2012). For the case of avoidant culture in conflict management, the conflicting parties learn to subdue and pull out of the dispute. On the other hand, collaborative culture of managing conflicts that have characteristics such as common problem solving, negotiation and application of constructive dialogue. Lastly, dominating culture in conflict management entails the conflicting sides attempting to outwit each other and individually seek victory and competition without considering the welfare of the other party.; ; The impact of the reluctance of Verizon management to resolve the conflicts is the promotion of the dominating type of conflict resolution cultures. They affect organization culture through the continuation of conflict management norms among the organizations management leading to a continued culture of encouraging that actual confrontation with the workers so that the organization can win disputes and conflicts (Ghorbani Razavi, 2011). The issue in its incomplete form leads to the creation of an organizational culture which fosters a working environment with increased turnover and lower staff morale. Furthermore, the problem recurrence of the issues leads to the establishment of negative atmosphere and an organizational culture of common beliefs, cognitions, and values regarding fear of the lack of job security for the workers with reduced efficiency and performance decrement. The case of Verizon constant labor conflict fostering the dominating form of conflict culture leads to a n organizational culture with a normative notion among the workers that aggressive behavior in addressing grievances and issues is appropriate. Such a normative concept is possible to spread to the future generations hence the support of normative ways of solving disputes within the organization. The consequences of the dominating culture of resolving conflicts promote an organizational culture where threats, shouting matches, disruptive chaos, yelling, heated arguments and direct confrontations can thrive. Recommendation The first recommendation for Verizon Company to stop the occurrence of the labor conflicts and disputes again is embracing a democratic form of leadership. The leadership style is essential in preventing the occurrence of differences in that all individuals within the workplace have votes and voices that count to every decision in the organization. According to Estlund, (2013), exhibiting Democratic leadership is an essential way of encouraging dialogue and creating an environment where each person can offer their sentiments and ideas hence preventing the occurrence of labor conflicts. The second proposition is the adoption of a collaborative culture of conflict resolution whose basis is a winwin situation and the recommendable solution to workplace disputes (Ghorbani Razavi, 2011). The type of culture is one of the approaches whose fundamental goal of mutual satisfaction of the needs of the conflicting parties leads to effective resolution of differences between employers and empl oyees. The limitation of the collaborative culture is communication and trust, but the application of discussion, negotiation, and mediation assist in the filling the gap. Lastly, Verizons management do not need to stand its ground all the time but must learn to give in to accommodate the resentment of the laborers.; Conclusion ; The exploration of Verizon as a representation of the recent labor dispute shows that inevitability of disagreements, conflicts, and disputes in the contemporary society. The organization has a dominating culture in conflict management the management seek victory and competition without considering the welfare of the other party in the objective of reducing the cost of production while maximizing profits. Verizons leadership play a critical role in triggering the dispute due to its rigid stance in an autocratic style of leading the laborers which do not provide the workers the chance of o air their grievances in better contracts and pay increase. The consequence of the labor conflict is a poor organizational culture which reduces workers efficiency, morale, and performance due to the dominating type of conflict culture allow threats, shouting matches, disruptive chaos, yelling, heated arguments and direct confrontations to thrive. References Democracy Now Organization. (2016, May 25). 39,000 Verizon Workers Mark Six Weeks on Strike in Biggest U.S. Labor Action in Years. Retrieved from Democracy Now Organization: https://www.democracynow.org/2016/5/25/39_000_verizon_workers_enter_sixth Estlund, C. (2013). Working together: how workplace bonds strengthen a diverse democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Proksch, S. (2016). Conflict management. New York: Springer. Rahim, M. A. (2013). Managing Conflicts in Organizations. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books.