Corrosion And Rusting Essays (2147 words) - Corrosion, Iron, Rust

Corrosion and Rusting Introduction Some people may be annoyed by their car "wearing out". Kids may have trouble with rust forming on their bicycles. One may think how to prevent rusting, but do one knows what is happening when a metal corrode? "Corrosion is defined as the involuntary destruction of substances such as metals and mineral building material by surrounding media, which are usually liquid (i.e. corrosive agents)." Most metals corrode. During corrosion, they change into metallic ions. In some cases, the product of corrosion itself forms a protective coating. "For example, aluminium forms a thin protective oxide layer which is impervious to air and water. In other cases (e.g. iron), however, the coating either flakes off or is pervious to both air and water. So the whole piece of metal can corrode right through." The most common forms of metallic corrosion are caused by electrochemical reactions, wherein two metallic phases (e.g., iron oxide and iron) react in the presence of electrolytic solution. Another mechanism of metallic corrosion is caused by chemical reaction, which explains how the protective layer of the metal is formed. Rusting is the corrosion of iron which is the most widely used structural metal. Most of it is used in making steel. The wide range of products made from steel includes all types of vehicles, machinery, pipelines, bridges, and reinforcing rods and girders for construction purposes. Therefore, rusting causes enormous economic problem and is the reason why extensive measures of corrosion protection have had to be developed. The economic importance of corrosion and corrosion protection can be shown by the following example: "It is estimated that roughly 3% of the annual production of steel is lost by corrosion. In 1974, 140 millions tons of steel were produced in the United States at a cost of approximately $400 per tons. So this gives a monetary loss of about 1.7 billion dollars." It is clearly of the utmost importance to reduce as far as possible the financial loss by corrosion, which not only affects steel but to the extent all other building metal as well. It is obvious that corrosion and rusting affect significantly the life of the society, so it is worthy to investigate this topic. In this essay, the cause of the corrosion and rusting and consequently the protection of the corrosion will be explored. Electrochemical corrosion reactions This type of corrosion takes place when two metallic phases with different electrochemical potentials are connected to each other by means of an electric conductor. Electrolytes such as acids, alkalis, salt solutions, or even milder media (e.g., rainwater, river water, groundwater, or tap water) also need to be present. "Metallic phases with different electrochemical potentials exhibit electric potential differences. Potential differences may also arise because of impurities, internal stresses, corrosion products, damaged protective coatings, etc. They also occur when different metals are used. The larger the potential difference, the faster the rate of corrosion." The electrochemical EMF series (Table 1) gives the electrochemical potential of metals under normal conditions with respect to hydrogen (hydrogen is 0). The farther two metals in electrochemical series are apart, the larger the potential difference between them. A metal is said to be less noble than those which stand to its right in the electrochemical series. In the case of electrochemical corrosion it is always the less noble metal which is removed. Table 1. Electrochemical Potential Series, Volts. K Ca Mg Al Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag Au -2.92 -2.84 -2.38 -1.66 -0.76 -0.71 -0.44 -0.24 -0.14 -0.13 0.00 0.34 0.80 1.42 not noble -----------------------------------------------------------------> noble Likelihood of passing into solution decreases from left to right. The potential difference does not, however, always fully correspond with the corrosion phenomena experienced in practice. The reason is that oxide and other metal compounds have differing electrochemical potentials. Chemical corrosion reactions Metals have a tendency to combine with oxygen to form oxides and this is one of the chemical reactions. This tendency is the stronger the less noble the metal. The layers of oxide on the metal surface which are formed even in dry air may be insoluble and stable against an aqueous medium in contact with them. Therefore, if the oxide layers are dense and adhere well to the metal, they prevent further attack and act as a corrosion prevention layer.

20 Argumentative Essay Topics Hooking Facts on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser

20 Argumentative Essay Topics Hooking Facts on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser Coming up with topics for argumentative essays can be quite challenging for students, especially if you’ve decided to work on it a few days (or a few hours) before the deadline. If your next assignment is to write an argumentative essay on Eric Schlosser’s book, â€Å"Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal†, you can easily take on this challenge if you have the right topic in mind. To get your creativity going here are 20 topics you can use. Should Hospitals Ban Fast Food Outlets? Healthier Fast Food Choices and Awareness Will Improve Health Low Work Wages in the US Fast Food Industry Are Costing Taxpayers Is Fast Food Cheaper Than Home-Cooked Meals? The Hidden Costs of Obesity and Excessive Junk Food Consumption Is Fast Food as Addictive as Drugs? Should Governments Impose More Taxes on Junk Food? Junk Food Packaging Should Come with Health Warnings Famous Public Figures Should be Banned from Promoting Soda and Junk Foods As Bad as Smoking: Should There Be an Age Restriction On Eating Fast Food? The Link Between Fast Food and Child Obesity The Fast Food Industry Needs a Paradigm Shift Fast Food’s Effects on the Brain’s Pleasure Centers The Psychology of Fast Food Marketing How McDonald’s Utilized Disney’s Marketing Approach Eating Fast Food Can Make You Depressed Overcoming Fast Food Addiction: Time for Extreme Measures Do Healthy Options on Fast Food Menus Help? Causes of The Rapid Rise of Fast Food Restaurants Eliminating The Junk Out of Junk Food: Can We Turn the Fast Food Industry Around? The topics are an eclectic mix of direct claims and general themes that are directly related to the issues which Schlosser focuses on in his book. There is also a list of authoritative sources and materials at the end of which you can use to lend credence to your essay. However, if you are still at a loss for ideas, check out our list of 10 facts on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser for an argumentative essay and further inspiration. Also check out the detailed guide on how to write an argumentative essay on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser to properly write your own. These resources aside, refer to our sample essay below to get a better idea about how to properly structure an argumentative essay on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser. This example can be used as a template and as a guide about what kind of content you need to include to draft a clear and balanced piece of writing. Sample Argumentative Essay on Labor Practices in the Fast Food Industry The fast food industry has been held responsible for numerous problems affecting the American society. Advertising to children and providing high-carbs and low-nutritional value foods, however, are only some of the main concerns of people in this industry. The matter of labor practices has become one of the prominent issues and a subject for debate in the past ten years. There are three reasons why this has become a major issue. First off, the fast food industry has the tendency to overwork its employees. Secondly, the industry has been known to pay their workers the minimum wage. Finally, there are almost no benefits for the employees of this industry. All of these lead to poverty-stricken workers who are worked to the bone. In fact, in â€Å"Modern Slavery. US Fast-food Industry Thriving on Poverty-stricken Workers†, Finian Cunningham wrote that millions of fast food employees are â€Å"so exploited it is estimated that more than half of them can only make ends meet by relying on some form of government handout.† Cunningham also writes that many fast food employees finish their shifts only to return to homeless shelters since they cannot afford to purchase homes of their own or rent apartments for their families. Even then, they do not get the peace they deserve as they are too tired to carry out their daily routines. To drive this point, he gives the example of former Dunkin Donuts employer Maria Fernandez. The 32-year-old woman has been doing back-to-back shifts at multiple outlets in the greater New York area. Unfortunately, she was too tired after being overworked one day, that she slept in her car between shifts. She died that day from asphyxiation caused by the exhaust fumes of her car. With an estimate of 2.25 million Americans working in fast food restaurants in the U.S., labor practices need to be tackled head on to ensure the survival and effective growth of the â€Å"fast food nation†. Numerous authors, including Eric Schlosser, have revealed the harsh realities of the labor practices in this industry among other controversies. Schlosser also used the example of teenager Elisa, who was hired because members of her age group are considered easier to control due to their inexperience, making them cheaper to hire since they are willing to accept a lower pay. If teenagers were unwilling to work at a place, the fast food industry replaced them with poor immigrants and the elderly. Now there have been studies showing that employees enjoy working in this industry. A study by Michael Benner, an Iowa State University student, uncovered that high school employees at McDonald’s enjoy their work because of reasons such as easy money and the lack of other job opportunities without a degree in hand. Moreover, the fast food chain seems easier as it operates on an assembly line system, breaking down the tasks of the restaurant. Despite these so-called perks, do not justify the lower wages which prevent workers from leading a meaningful existence. You can definitely come up with a better essay if you put your mind to it. So, make sure to start working right away or else your deadline will engulf you. References: Campbell, D. (2015). Ban Fast-Food Outlets from Hospitals, MPs Demand. the Guardian. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from theguardian.com/society/2015/mar/25/ban-fast-food-outlets-nhs-hospitals-mps Eating Fast Food. (2016). org. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyEating/DiningOut/Eating-Fast-Food_UCM_301473_Article.jsp McVeigh, K. (2013). Low Fast-Food Wages Come at High Cost to US Taxpayers, says Report. the Guardian. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/15/fast-food-low-wages-high-cost-taxpayers Bittman, M. (2011). Is Junk Food Really Cheaper?. com. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from nytimes.com/2011/09/25/opinion/sunday/is-junk-food-really-cheaper.html Rehel, J. (2016). A Healthy Diet Costs $2,000 a Year More Than an Unhealthy One for Average Family of Jour: Harvard study. National Post. Retrieved 19 March 2016, from http://news.nationalpost.com/health/a-healthy-diet-costs-2000-a-year-more-than-an-unhealthy-one-for-average-family-of-four-harvard-study Benfield, F. Caid, Matthew D. Raimi, and Donald D. T. Chen. Once There Were Greenfields: How Urban Sprawl Is Undermining Americas Environment, Economy, and Social Fabric. Washington, D.C.: National Resources Defense Council, 1999. Emerson, Robert L. The New Economics of Fast Food.New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990. Card, D., Krueger, A. (2000). Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply. American Economic Review, 90(5), 1397-1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.5.1397 Garber, A., H. Lustig, R. (2011). Is Fast Food Addictive?. Current Drug Abuse Reviewse, 4(3), 146-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874473711104030146 Zhong, C-B. DeVoe, S.E. (2010). You Are How You Eat: Fast Food and Impatience. Psychological Science. DOI: 10.1177/0956797610366090

Commercial Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commercial Law - Essay Example Also, there was the complaint of distress that was caused on Epcot by Regus Ltd as they had to endure the unpleasantness associated with poor air conditioning. Regus was quick to react, and an exclusion clause that was presented by Regus claimed that Regus was not to be held responsible for any cases of losses that will be incurred while goods are in the custody of the same company. The clause further noted that losses of any kind; data, savings, profits, as well as, claims raised by third parties will not be incurred by Regus. As such, the clause mandated Epcot to ensure that goods are insured so that these losses will not be incurred by Regus. Under the UCTA Act of 1997, these claims were noted as void as Epcot argued for the exclusion clause noted by Regus to be struck out on the rationale that it did not pass the reasonableness test that is provided for in the Unfair Contract Terms (UCLA) Act.   The judge was guided by the fact that it was in Regus’ docket as per the con tractual agreement to provide proper air conditioning for Epcot. With this in mind, Regus was not in order to deprive Epcot of the payments that were to be extended for losses that were incurred. As such, it was not reasonable for Regus to claim for Epcot’s deprival to be remedied for all the losses. Regus was thus expected to be reasonable and cater partly for failure to be in a position to ensure protection from losses and distress that Epcot incurred. This clause was considered broad as it would mean that even stern breaches.... , these claims were noted as void as Epcot argued for the exclusion clause noted by Regus to be struck out on the rationale that it did not pass the reasonableness test that is provided for in the Unfair Contract Terms (UCLA) Act. The judge was guided by the fact that it was in Regus’ docket as per the contractual agreement to provide proper air conditioning for Epcot. With this in mind, Regus was not in order to deprive Epcot of the payments that were to be extended for losses that were incurred. As such, it was not reasonable for Regus to claim for Epcot’s deprival to be remedied for all the losses. Regus was thus expected to be reasonable and cater partly for failure to be in a position to ensure protection from losses and distress that Epcot incurred. The failure by Regus to provide proper air conditioning was questioned and Epcot was favored as the services as provided by the terms and conditions of the form contract were not met. An analysis of the exclusion claus e used by Regus would thus exclude the same company from any malicious or fraudulent cases that will result from their inability to provide satisfactory services. This clause was considered broad as it would mean that even stern breaches of the contract will not be remedied. The unreasonableness of the clause as provided for by the judge was challenged by the court of appeal. The court also challenged Epcot’s claim that Regus’ failure to provide proper air conditioning led to future loses that the company will incur. The appellate court noted that it would only be reasonable for Epcot to demand remedy for a decrease in the prices of the standards they expected from Regus. Liability remedy was earlier on not provided for by the exclusion clause according to the judge. However, this was not the

Documenting the Media revolution. Books, Version 2.0 Research Paper

Documenting the Media revolution. Books, Version 2.0 - Research Paper Example sers typically search e-books for discrete bits of information, a behaviour summed up by the formula "use rather than read."† (Staiger) History of e-books The earliest and most basic e-book format is the PDF (Portable Docment Format). It is a print-friendly format that shares a few common features with standard word-processing software. The layout is fixed and editing is not possible. It is easy to convert a Word file into PDF format by using the ‘print’ or ‘export’ commands. The next most famous format is the EPUB, which is widely compatible across many devices. Some of the hand features are ‘reflowable’ text, dynamic font size and style. Word files can be saved into EPUB formats. Likewise, programs such as â€Å"Adobe's InDesign, Apple's Pages, and OpenOffice, have EPUB as a "save-as" or "export" option.† (Brunsell and Horejsi 8) In recent years diverse array of e-book formats have risen. The major e-book formats as of today inclu de PDF, EPUB, MOBI, KF8, iBook, and others. Though some of these formats are tied into specific devices, they can be easily converted into one another using software programs like Calibre. For example, any of the above formats can be converted into the format compatible with the iPad with a conversion software. Most Android tablets have the capability to read formats used by Kindle, Nook, and Google Play Books. What’s more, these formats can also be read on computers running on conventional Windows or Mac operating systems. For instance, Adobe Digital Editions, which is free to download, allows PCs to read EPUB format. Apple’s own e-book reader iBooks â€Å"can display movies, interactive widgets, and movable 3-D objects. When the reading device is held vertically, iBooks has a traditional book appearance. Multimedia extras appear in the horizontal orientation.† (Brunsell and Horejsi 8) The two main advantages of e-books cited by library patrons were â€Å"sear chability and around-the-clock availability. The most frequently cited disadvantages were difficulty of navigation and loss of ability to perform customary research practices such as perusing and shelf-browsing because of e-books' lack of physicality.† (Abram 32) Describe the various devices, past and present, the e-books are read on The technology behind the design and creation of e-book devices is always undergoing change. Brands such as Nook and Kindle have established themselves as market leaders. Despite their impressive garnering of market share, the market is relatively nascent as the idea of e-book devices if gradually catching on. E-book devices are not competing against conventional PCs and laptops, for the e-books usually read through them are seldom read on computer screens. A prime example are novels and other fiction, which people show little inclination to read off a computer screen. Here, the e-book reading device fills an existing void in the reading preferenc es of users. Though at this point, it is difficult to predict how indispensible e-books and the devices would become, a few recent

Altered Hematology & Cardiovascular System Case Study

Altered Hematology & Cardiovascular System - Case Study Example Hypoxia of central nervous system causes faintness and headaches while myocardial hypoxia results in palpitations and increased heart rates (Kumar et al 2005). She has a history of chronic blood loss which is due to menorrhagia. Other causes of chronic blood loss include gastrointestinal bleeding, malignant diseases and urinary bleeding. Chronic blood loss anemia results from blood loss in small amounts, which occurs over a long period of time and it results in iron deficiency anemia because the iron stores of the body are depleted. Consequently, the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells is reduced and the patient presents with signs and symptoms of anemia. The clinical features of the chronic blood loss anemia are not severe until the hemoglobin levels of the blood are extremely low (Emmanuel et al 2001). The shortness of breath of the patient is explained by the decreased oxygen content of the blood cell which is exacerbated due to exertion (Kumar et al 2005). As mentione d in the case she presented with severity of symptoms while playing golf at a high course which induced exertion. Chronic blood loss is a very important and common cause of iron deficiency anemia which is caused when all iron stores are depleted due to external hemorrhage over a long period of time. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) presents with a peripheral blood film of microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells. The serum reserves of ferritin and hemosiderin are utilized in the initial stages of blood loss, however, when these stores have also been consumed, the symptoms of anemia manifest. Serum iron, ferritin and transferring levels are also reduced (Kumar et al 2005). Another... The paper tells that proper amount of rest and limitation of the daily activities to a certain extent will help the patient to control the signs and symptoms of CHF. The restriction of daily physical exertion will put less amount of workload on the heart and hence, improve the condition of the patient. The second step in managing the case is a proper diet plan. The patient should be advised to reduce the sodium content in his food items as this will reduce water retention in his body lowering the cardiac workload. The sodium content should be limited to 1.5 to 2g per day. Alcohol consumption should also be lowered down to only one drink per day which plays an important role in lowering the systolic blood pressure by 2-4 points. Chronic alcoholism is a very important cause of cardiomyopathy and if the patient shows a positive history of alcoholism he should be advised to consume a low to moderate amount of alcohol. Weight control and a dietary calorie limitation are recommended in the obese patients. They are advised to a body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9 and eat a healthy balanced diet comprising of green vegetables, fruits, and low-fat food items. Exercise including aerobic and strength training in CHF patients in an adequate amount also helps in improving the patient’s condition. The patient should be advised to exercise for 30 minutes five to six times a week and increase his physical activity. However, if he complains of angina pain, shows symptoms of respiratory distress, CNS symptoms or increased fatigue exercise should be stopped.

Comparing Globalisation In 19th And 20th Century

Comparing Globalisation In 19th And 20th Century Globalisation is a trend that has developed enabling people around the world to communicate with each other much more easily. This has opened up a global market place where companies engage in worldwide manufacturing, marketing and distribution of their products and services. Nayyar (2006) defines globalisation as a process associated with increasing openness, growing economic interdependence and deepening economic integration in the world economy. Nayyar (2006) goes on to say that economic openness is not simply confined to trade flows, investment flows and financial flows, it also extends to flows of services, technology, information and ideas across national boundaries. Globalisation is prehistoric; according to Nayyar (2006) globalisation is not new. Ideally the result of globalisation is the integration of societies and economies and toppling of national barriers. When this happens, the division of labor rises in an international scope and multilateral trade in goods and services elevates, as well as capital flows and cross border business investments. According to Nayyar (2006) the two period of globalisation, the nineteenth and twentieth centurys, are similar in four ways: the absence or the dismantling of barriers to international economic transactions; the development of enabling technologies; emerging forms of industrial organization; and political hegemony or dominance. There were almost no restrictions on economic transactions across borders as the four decades from 1870 to 1913 were the age of laissez faire.. This was followed by three decades of autarchy and conflict during which international economic transactions were progressively constrained by barriers and regulations. However, during the second half of the twentieth century globalisation followed the sequence of deregulation. Trade liberalization came first, which led to an unprecedented expansion of international trade between 1950 and 1970. The liberalization of regimes for foreign investment came next and there was a surge in international investment which began in the late 1960s. Financial liberalization came last, starting in the early 1980s. Both phases of globalisation coincided with a technological revolution in transport and communications which brought about an enormous reduction in the time needed, as also the cost incurred, in crossing geographical distances. The second half of the nineteenth century saw the advent of the steamship, the railway and the telegraph whilst the second half of the twentieth century witnessed the advent of jet aircraft, computers and satellites. Emerging forms of industrial organization, in both phases, played a role in making globalisation possible. In the late nineteenth century, it was the advent of mass production which was characterized by a rigid compartmentalization of functions and a high degree of mechanization. In the late twentieth century, the emerging flexible production system, shaped by the nature of the technical progress, the changing output mix and the organizational characteristics (based on Japanese management systems), forced firms constantly to choose between trade and investment in their drive to expand activities across borders. The politics of hegemony or dominance is conducive to the economics of globalisation. The first phase of globalisation from 1870 to 1913 coincided with what has been described as the age of empire, when Britain more or less ruled the world. The second phase of globalisation beginning in the early 1970s coincided with the political dominance of the US as the superpower. Nayaar (2006) also highlights important differences between both the phases of globalisation in respect of trade flows, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows, financial flows and labor flows. During the period from 1870 to 1913, a large proportion of international trade was constituted by inter-sectoral trade, where primary commodities were exchanged for manufactured goods. This trade was, to a significant extent, based on absolute advantage derived from natural resources or climatic conditions. During the period 1950-75, inter-industry trade in manufactures, based on differences in factor endowments, labour productivity or technological leads and lags, constituted an increasing proportion of international trade. Since 1970 intra-industry trade in manufactures, based on scale economies and product differentiation, constituted an increasing proportion of international trade. Further now about one-third of the international trade is estimated to be intra-firm trade, that is, trade between affiliates of the same company located in different countries. The composition of intra-firm trade has undergone a change, characterized by a steady decline in the importance of primary commodities and an increase in the importance of manufactured goods and intermediate goods. There is also a marked difference between the two phases in respect of the spatial and sectoral distribution of FDI. During the second phase, its distribution between the developed and developing countries was more uneven than in the first phase. However, the 1990s witnessed an increase in the share of developing countries in FDI inflows, although still behind the developing countries. A small number of countries absorb the lions share of the FDI flows to the developing world. In 1913, the primary sector accounted for more than half (55%) of the long term foreign investment, followed by trade and distribution (30%), and the share of the manufacturing sector was very low. (10%). In the early years of this decade, the service sector accounted for about two-thirds of the FDI inflows. In the early twentieth century foreign investment was only long term. Two thirds of it was portfolios, while one third of it was direct although portfolio investment has risen sharply in the 1990s. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, capital flows were a means of transferring investible resources to underdeveloped countries or newly industrializing countries with the most attractive growth opportunities. In the second phase, these capital flows were destined mostly for the industrialized countries which have high deficits and high interest rates to finance public consumption and transfer payments rather than productive investment. During the first phase of globalisation from 1870 to 1913, the object of financial flows was to find avenues for long-term investment in search of profit. During the second phase of globalisation since the early 1970s, financial flows are constituted mostly by short-term capital movements, sensitive to exchange rates and interest rates, in search of capital gains. The fundamental difference between two phases of globalisation is in the sphere of labor flows. In the late nineteenth century, there were no restrictions on the mobility of people across national boundaries. Passports were seldom needed. Immigrants were granted citizenship with ease. Between 1870 and 1914, international labor migration was enormous. The only significant evidence of labor mobility during the last quarter of the twentieth century is the temporary migration of workers to Europe, the Middle East and East Asia. The present phase of globalisation has also found substitutes for labor mobility in the form of the trade flows and investment flows. For one thing, industrialized countries now import manufactured goods that embody scarce labor The first phase of globalisation in the late nineteenth century was characterized by an integration of markets through an exchange of goods that was facilitated by the movement capital and labor across national boundaries. The second phase of globalisation is characterized by an integration of production with linkages that are wider and deeper, except for the near absence of migration. It is reflected not only in the movement of goods, services, capital, technology, information and ideas, but also in the organization of economic activities across national boundaries. This is associated with a more complex- part horizontal and part vertical-division of labor between the industrialized countries and a few developing countries in the world economy. References Nayyar, D. (2006) Globalisation, history and development: a tale of two centuries, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 30, No. 1: 137-159.

Impact of the Government’s Spending Review on the Construction Industry

Impact of the Government’s Spending Review on the Construction Industry The impact of the Governments Review on the construction industry has had different reactions. Edwards (2010)[7] points out that â€Å" £20 bn of capital spending will be cut between now and 2014/15†. The impact will be severe on government departments and local authority budgets. But further details published by the HM Treasury (2010)[3] indicate that the government intends to increase net capital spending by  £2.3 bn up to 2014/15, relative to the June 2010 Budget predictions. Currently the Government spends approximately  £50 bn on capital projects. It appears that the Government is focussing on those projects with the ‘highest economic value’. Education along with health and infrastructure are areas that the government has chosen to focus on (Anon, 2010)[8]. This article also quotes Graham Watts, Chief Executive of Construction Industry Council who states that â€Å"social housing is the worry, but investment in schools, carbon reduction and transport infrastructure plus the Green Investment Bank are positive†. The Spending Review of 2010, has reduced the funding for Social Housing from  £8.4 bn to  £4.4 bn (HM Treasury, 2010)[3] This will be a severe blow to those construction companies who specialised in having contracts with social housing customers, such as, local councils and housing associations, according to Light (2010)[9]. Keynesian Theory and the UK Economy The UK economy has endured six consecutive quarters of negative growth, resulting in one of the most prolonged recessions in modern times (2008/09). Since the beginning of 2010 the economy has shown some positive signs of recovery. Two schools of thought have emerged from this rece... ...ble to the Miller Group will therefore be further restricted. The Group does recognise this constraint and as a result the company â€Å"continues to focus on cash generation and cost controls† (Miller Group Interim Report)[13]. The cost control factors according to Keynesian Theory will mean the company is responding to its own difficulties and will start hoarding money to, like the consumer and this will further impact the circular flow of money in the economy. Summary This paper has provided an overview of the UK’s Spending Review of 2010 and its potential impact on the macroeconomic picture of the UK. Particular emphasis has been given to the relevance of the Spending Review on the construction industry and its impact on a construction company. Furthermore the paper attempts to relate some aspects of the Keynesian Theory to the current UK economic situation.

Life Is a Continuous Journey Essay

Life is a continuous journey. Some journeys are short and some long. Some journeys are sweet and pleasant while some are sour. Some journeys are too memorable to be erased by the sands of time. I had one such experience. The memory of this journey continues to flicker, on and on, in my mind even after several years. We reached on 9th Dec., as our train reservation was for the following day by North- East Express. We reached the station early in the morning, the next day and boarded the train. The train started off at 6.00 a.m. I sat by the window and enjoyed the passing scenery. The sights of numerous rivers, bridges, countryside, evergreen paddy fields, lush green tea gardens, vast plains, etc. enchanted me a lot. In the late afternoon we reached Rajshahi station, which is the gateway to khulna. Some of us got out of the train to have a look at the station. The hustle and bustle of people moving about, the coming and going of trains and the enticing sights of the various stalls of t he station attracted our attention and we too moved about the platform enjoying these sights. We didn’t realise how quickly the time had passed. Suddenly we saw our train moving. We were at the far end of the platform and ran with all speed and might to catch the train. I was the last to notice the movement of the train and so the last to run. I too ran after my friends to catch the train. But the train was moving fast. Within moments my friends managed to get in. As I was about to reach the train, I slipped and fell on the platform. I saw my train speeding away before my sight. I shivered with fear. My friends were shouting at the top of their voice asking me to run faster. Just then a coolie lifted me and ran with me to the door, where my friends pulled me in. I just looked back and waved my hands at the good Samaritan, who had helped me-1 got only a glimpse of his face. But that face continues to remain afresh in my mind. The incident deeply scared me and I dared not to move an inch from my seat thereafter. It took some time for me to recover from the shock. The wonderful sights of New Delhi and Agra failed to bring back my lost enthusiasm and interest. I don’t even remember what I saw and how the rest of the excursion ended. The incident at the N.J. P Railway Station was too great to be forgotten by a few passing bliss. I can never forget this memorable journey. The reminiscences of this journey often flicker in my mind every now and then. Whenever this happens, I say a short prayer for the kind and unknown Samaritan, who helped me on that fateful day to get into the train. It was, by far, the most unforgettable journey of my life- a journey that has left its deep scars on the canvas of my life.

Free Money Persuasive Speech Essays

Free Money Persuasive Speech Essays Free Money Persuasive Speech Essay Free Money Persuasive Speech Essay for example, you invested in a one year CD or certificate of deposit, starting in year four, you would have $1040 as an initial investment. Here is a spreadsheet I created showing what you would earn within 10 years at the current CD rate of 5. 15%. You will also see on this spreadsheet your savings if you saved $20 a week on your grocery bill. This would give you an initial investment of $1040 starting with year one. You would be adding 1040 each year in savings plus your interest each year. I found the current CD rates at bankrate. com. There are many investment opportunities that could increase your coupon savings if you chose to invest. This what can be done if you are serious about saving money by clipping coupons. Here are a couple of pages posted on forums. amily. com. You can see exactly how much they saved on their grocery bills per month and year. It is broken down in great detail. Here is a spreadsheet showing how much could be earned if these savings were invested in a CD or other investment. We are talking enough money for JR Sheila to buy a new car. So where do you find coupons? Two great sources are your newspaper and online. I clip coupons out of the Belleville News Democrat. My favorite is coupon bar. com. Here you will find various sources for coupons, and you can download it to your tool bar, so the latest coupons are only a click away. The book free Money Free Stuff includes coupon clipping as one of its strategies for obtaining free and low cost items. It also has other good information for saving money. Coupons can also be found online and in newspapers for entertainment, dining out, merchandise specific catalogs and stores. You can use a coupon organizer if you want or just put them in your wallet like I do. We all eat out, buy groceries, buy clothing, go to movies and other entertainment, so why not do these things for less. Would you throw money out the window? That’s what you do every time you miss an opportunity to use coupons. You are offering to pay more money for something than what you have to pay if you use coupons. Let’s review the value of clipping coupons. Coupons can save you money that can help you pay bills, make a purchase, save for your college education, save for your children’s college education or start a retirement fund. There is no out of pocket expense in order to reap these benefits, just a very small portion of your time. Let’s look at the flip side of the coin. If you don’t clip coupons, you won’t have extra money to help with expenses and purchases. You may have to take out a loan for purchases and expenses and incur interest expense as well. If you were diligent in your quest to save, you could be $75,000 richer in ten years. When you buy a lottery ticket your odds are 1 in several million that you will win. With coupons there are no odds, just solid savings. Coupons are free money for the taking. Take the time to clip coupons out of the newspaper or get them online. It only takes a few minutes of your time and saves you money that you can use for whatever however you choose. Capital One asks What’s in your wallet. I can tell you what won’t be in your wallet, if you don’t take advantage of coupons, money.

William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule

William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule Before we had calculators we had slide rules. The circular (1632) and rectangular (1620) slide rules were invented by an Episcopalian minister and mathematician William Oughtred. History of the Slide Rule A calculating tool, the invention of the slide rule was made possible by John Napiers invention of logarithms, and Edmund Gunters invention of logarithmic scales, which slide rules are based upon. Logarithms Logarithms made it possible to perform multiplications and divisions by addition and subtraction, according to The Museum of HP Calculators. Mathematicians had to look up two logs, add them together and then look for the number whose log was the sum. Edmund Gunter reduced the labor by drawing a number line in which the positions of numbers were proportional to their logs. William Oughtred simplified things further with the slide rule by taking the two Gunters lines and sliding them relative to each other thus eliminating the dividers. William Oughtred William Oughtred made the first slide rule by inscribing logarithms on wood or ivory. Before the invention of the pocket or handheld calculator, the slide rule was a popular tool for calculations. The use of slide rules continued until about 1974, after which electronic calculators became more popular. Later Slide Rules Several inventors improved upon William Oughtreds slide rule. 1677 - Henry Coggeshall invented a 2-foot folding slide rule for lumber measure, called the Coggeshall slide rule.1815 - Peter Mark Roget invented the log slide rule, which included a scale displaying the logarithm of the logarithm.1859 - French artillery lieutenant Amà ©dà ©e Mannheim invented an improved slide rule.1891 - Edwin Thacher introduced a cylindrical slide rule in the United States.The duplex rule was invented by William Cox in 1891.

Impact of Recession on the UK Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Impact of Recession on the UK Economy - Essay Example It was around that time when the government realized the seriousness of the issue. There are indications that things might be looking up, as we move along with the range of stimulus packages. The unemployment rate in the UK experienced a dip of 0.1 percent and it stood at 7.8 percent in January 2010. But this figure is still 1.6 percent higher than that of last year, which makes thinks worrisome for the government (HRM Guide, 2010). Official figures indicate that the average earnings in the UK have certainly bounced back in the recent past.1 Fig-1 indicates that there are indeed some recovery signals in the economy, as the earning potential of an average Briton is coming back to the comfort zone. What could be of some concern however is, the falling graph of earnings in the latter part of 2009. Monk (2009) also cites the October 2009 figures from the Office for National Statistics to highlight the higher number of borrowings in the UK. The figure stood at 11.4bn in October, far higher than the forecast figure of 7.1bn. The consistent increase of net debt as a percentage of the GDP over the last couple of years has made UK economy more of a debt economy. OCED has also issued warnings to the effect that the UK needs to put in place its fiscal measures to unburden itself from the pile of debt. It was predicted by some analysts in 2008 when the initial signals of the recession started emerging that during the coming two years UK economy would be experiencing its weakest patch of the last 15 years (BBC, 2008). Well, if trace the journey of the recession, these concerns seem to have come true. Taking a historical perspective UK had a population of 38 million with GDP of just under 125 billion at constant 1995 market prices. By the end of the century, the population stood at 59 million with an increase of more than 50 percent while the GDP stood at 800 billion, registering a fivefold increase (Lindsay, 2003). The benefits of globalization seem to have percolated down to all sections of the society in good measure.

Essay about martin luther the priest Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

About martin luther the priest - Essay Example He translated Bible into the language of the people so that they could understand the Holy Book. He was also a noteworthy hymn writer as his hymns brought together different pieces of art and music with different age segments of the society. His theology basically challenged the manner in which the authority of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church was raised (Rose 2002). He suggested that Bible was the only source of knowledge that comes under the aegis of divinely revealed ones. In the later stage of his life, Martin Luther became strongly Antisemitic whereby he wrote that Jewish homes should be dismantled their synagogues be burnt, money usurped and liberty ended. For these revelations and public statements, Martin Luther was hailed as a very controversial figure among a number of historians and religious scholars. Martin Luther suffered from a number of diseases and eventually died in 1546. Rose, Paul Lawrence. Revolutionary Antisemitism in Germany from Kant to Wagner. Princeton University Press, 1990. Cited in Berger, Ronald. Fathoming the Holocaust: A Social Problems Approach. New York: Aldine De Gruyter,